原文恕删 乱尿尿首先要区别引起的原因是不适当的排尿行为(Inappropriate urination)，还是因为 猫下泌尿道疾病(FLUTD ; feline lower urinary tract disease)所引起的。 (1) 假如是FLUTD 其尿量不一定，外观不正常(例如:带血)，尿的地点不规则，经常尿在水平面。而且多半 有排尿困难(Dysuria)，频尿(Pollakiuria)，血尿(Hematuria)等症状。 (2) 假如是不适当的排尿行为 经常重覆排尿在同一个地点，而且经常是少量地尿在垂直面。而且一般没有排尿困难，频尿 ，血尿等症状。 (3) 某些非FLUTD之疾病，例如:PUPD，关节炎患者，也可能尿在猫砂以外的地方，排尿 地点是不规则的。 简单的说就是可以分成，泌尿道的肿瘤或是结石，或是发炎，内分泌等情况造成他无法正常 排尿，更别说乖乖的上在猫砂盆里，或是肌肉骨骼或是其他疾病的困扰，造成他无法或是懒 得移动到猫砂盆的位置上如厕。再来就是行为问题，身体健康，生理反应正常，但是心理不 健全，也就是称为行为问题。 上一个网友，点出一个很重要的点，就是有可能是生理所造成的反应。这点你应该先剔除， 不过从你的文章中，反应的症状看来，还有它的年纪，多方面评估下，个人认为行为问题， 占比较大的因素。以他现在不到一岁的年龄，属於FLUTD的机会其实不高，其他疾病也不无 可能，不过从你文章中，其实可以体会到你家小喵所承受的压力(来自於你的家人，来自於 那只地位比他高的母猫)。这个，很有可能是一切行为问题的来源。当然也有可能是发情， 你可以先带去兽医做些理学检查，来排除生理上的疾病，或是这几天多观察它排尿的情况 ，尿液的颜色，饮食状况，精神状况，还有它排尿的时机和反应，来排除。 解决方法: 因为无法知道猫所要表达的讯息，下面这几点，你可以逐一测试，来明白他这样的行为问 题的根本原因，而不需要一次全部施行，这样没有可以对照的条件。 1. 使用不同材质的猫砂。 2. 降低猫砂盆高度，增加猫砂盆数量。 3. 猫砂盆位置远离食物和交通繁杂的地方，选择对他来说安全的位置。 4. 每天清猫沙，一个礼拜洗一次猫砂盆(不要用强烈气味的清洁剂)。 5. 给它专属的猫砂，和猫砂盆。 6. 猫砂盆内放置沾有尿液的物品。 7. 使用Feliway。 8. 经常带你的猫到猫砂盆，如果她使用它，称扬她，或者甚至给她愉快的事情。 9. 限制活动区域可能有帮助。一旦她习惯了小区域，再开放让它进入大的区域。 10. 在曾经尿过的地方消毒，消臭ex:橘子皮，万金油，白醋。 11. 发现的当下，给予惊吓(不要被他发现，喷水，丢瓶子)。 12. 不要惩罚，不要责骂它。 13. 不要让它容易到达尿尿的地方。 14. 观察他不喜欢尿的地方 15. 在它尿尿的地方，喂食。 然後请你仔细看下面的文章，或许对你会有更大的帮助。 Urinating Outside of the Litter Box Holly Nash, DVM, MS Veterinary Services Department, Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc. Inappropriate elimination (urinating or defecating outside of the litter box, and/or spraying) is the most common behavior problem of older cats. There are numerous causes for this behavior, many of them medical, so a cat who has inappropriate elimination should be examined by a veterinarian. Laboratory tests will need to be performed in most cases. Contributing factors to inappropriate elimination Medical conditions: Medical conditions which result in an increased frequency of urination or defecation may be the underlying cause for this behavior problem. These conditions include: colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, kidney or liver disease, and feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). Medical conditions which cause pain urinating or defecating, or make it difficult for the cat to get in and out of the litter box, may also result in inappropriate elimination. Such conditions include arthritis, FLUTD, anal sac disease, loss of vision, and some forms of colitis. Treatment of these medical conditions may help to resolve this behavioral problem. In addition, using litter boxes with lower sides, placing the litter box in the area in which the cat spends the most time, and increasing the number of litter boxes may be helpful. Stress: Stress can be a major cause of inappropriate elimination in cats of all ages. Stressors such as moving, changes in routine, or changes in the makeup of the family can result in inappropriate elimination. Reducing these stressors or decreasing their impact on the household will benefit your cat (and probably you, too!). For instance, when moving, attempt to keep the cat in a quiet portion of the home when packing and during the actual moving day. At the new residence, confine your cat to a quiet room at first (probably a bedroom), placing her food, water, litter box and favorite sleeping material (bed, sweatshirt, etc.) in the room. Spend time with her in that room and feed her and clean the litter box at the usual time. Gradually let her become accustomed to the rest of the house. There is a product called 'Feliway' which was designed to help reduce anxiety in cats, and thus decrease spraying or urinating inappropriately. Feliway contains pheromones from the cat's face. Pheromones are chemicals which are used to communicate with other members of the same species. You may notice your cat rubs her face and chin on vertical surfaces. She is leaving a scent there which contains these pheromones. The pheromones from the face have a calming effect on other cats. When Feliway is sprayed onto multiple vertical surfaces which your cat may spray, the cat receives this calming effect and in many cases, spraying will be reduced. Substrate preference: Cats of all ages may develop an aversion to the litter box or substrate (material inside of the litter box). Some of the litters with a 'perfume' or 'antiseptic' smell may dissuade some cats from using them. Trying different types of litter including clumping litter, sand, newspaper, and no litter are things that could be helpful. Box location: Some cats may not like where a box is located. It may be located too close to their food or water. It may be in a high traffic area where they cannot have privacy. It may be in an area where they can be easily ambushed by another cat. It may be on a different level of the house than where they spend most of their time. In addition to trying various substrates, also place extra boxes around the house to see if box location makes a difference. There should always be at least one more litter box than the number of cats in the household. Sanitary conditions: Some cats are very particular. Some will not defecate in the same box in which they urinate. Others will not go in a box which has been used by another cat. Just as we do not like to use dirty bathrooms, neither do many cats. If the litter box is not cleaned regularly, they may decide to find a different bathroom. Possible Solutions to Inappropriate Elimination Have your cat checked by your veterinarian for a possible medical condition, and start treatment for the condition if one exists. If the cat is extremely stressed, talk to your veterinarian about some medications which may help. If you have multiple cats and do not know which one is the culprit, your veterinarian can give you some fluorescent dye to feed one of the cats. The urine from that cat will fluoresce when exposed to a black light. Place numerous litter boxes around the house. You do not have to use anything fancy: dishpans, large plastic containers or other items may work just as well. Try a larger litter box, some behaviorists feel litter boxes are often too small. Use different substrates including newspaper, clumpable and nonclumpable litter, sand, sawdust (not cedar), carpet remnants, and no litter at all. Use unscented litter, since many cats do not like the scented kind. If you find the substrate that your cat prefers is not the one you do, e.g., carpet remnants, try slowly converting the cat back to litter. Place a small amount of litter on the carpet remnants the first week, and if all goes well, use more litter each week until you can finally remove the carpet remnants from the box. Try different depths of litter. Many people put too much litter in the box. Some cats like only a small amount. Clean any soiled areas with an enzyme cleaner designed for use on pet urine and stool. Regular detergents and other cleaners will not break down the urine or feces, and if the cat smells any urine or feces on a carpet or floor, the cat may continue to use that spot to eliminate. In some cases, the carpet or carpet padding may need to be replaced. Clean the litter boxes at least once daily. Wash the litter box weekly. Do not clean the box with a strong smelling disinfectant, but rinse the box well after washing it. Feed the cat where she is inappropriately eliminating. Many cats will not urinate or defecate in the area in which they are fed. Use upside down carpet runners (the ones with the spikes on the bottom), heavy plastic, aluminum foil, double-sided tape, motion detectors, pet repellents, or scat mats to limit her access to the area where she inappropriately eliminates. Try Feliway, as described above. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's recommendations. Take your cat to the litter box frequently, and if she uses it, praise her, or even give her a treat. If you catch your cat in the act of urinating or defecating outside of the box (or even using the digging motion), use a remote correction. This generally means doing something that will startle her. Tossing a pop can with a few coins inside of it and taped shut toward the cat (but not at her!) may get her to stop. Foghorns, whistles, and water pistols are other options. It is best if she does not associate you with the correction, but thinks it 'comes out of the blue.' Do NOT punish the cat. Punishing the cat, including rubbing her nose in the soiled area will not help, and will probably increase the stress on the cat. In some situations, it may be helpful to confine the cat to a small room with food, water, toys, bed, and litter box. Once she is using the litter box in the smaller area, gradually allow her into larger areas of the house. Reference: http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=1&cat=1310&articleid=158 --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 219.80.136.7 ※ Claireisa:转录至看板 cat 09/19 18:05