Chocolate and Caffeine Veterinary & Aquatic Services Department, Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc. Toxin Methylxanthines Source Chocolate, coffee, tea, theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline. 巧克力所含的甲基黄漂呤，也是可可硷和咖啡因的主要成分，这正是巧克力危险性的来源。 General Information Theobromine is found in chocolate, cocoa beans, cocoa bean hulls (landscape bedding), cola, and tea. Milk chocolate contains 44 mg/oz. and unsweetened baking chocolate contains 390 mg/oz. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, chocolate, colas, and human stimulants. Theophylline is found in tea and human and veterinary preparations. Caffeine and theobromine have an effect on animals similar to that on people. They increase the breathing and heart rate, sometimes causing irregular beating of the heart. They cause restlessness because of the changes at the cellular level with calcium and energy sources. Caffeine also directly stimulates the myocardium and central nervous system. Note: Some methylxanthines may be reabsorbed from the urinary bladder. Toxic Dose Symptoms occur with the ingestion of 45 mg per pound of body weight. Theobromine deaths have been reported after ingestion of 52 mg per pound of body weight. Caffeine is toxic at about 63 mg per pound of body weight. Signs Common signs include vomiting, diarrhea, panting, hyperactivity, restlessness, ataxia, muscle tremors, increased or decreased heart rate, irregular heart rhythm, increased body temperature. Seizures, coma, or death may occur. Less frequent symptoms include abdominal pain and blood in the urine. Immediate Action Induce vomiting and seek veterinary attention. Veterinary Care General treatment: The induction of vomiting may be continued, gastric lavage is performed, and activated charcoal is administered. Supportive treatment: IV fluids are given to prevent dehydration and to induce urine production. The heart rate and rhythm are monitored, and medications are given if necessary. The animal is monitored and treated for hyperthermia. Seizures are treated. The urinary bladder may need to be catheterized to prevent reabsorption of the toxin. Specific treatment: Unavailable. Prognosis Usually recover with hospitalization and aggressive therapy. May be fatal, if enough of the toxin is absorbed. Reference: http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=2&cat=1939&articleid=2238 紧急时给予催吐、洗胃和给予活性碳，可能对饲主来说，可以做到的就是催吐。 中毒剂量我换算成台湾单位 一.当摄时可可硷(Theobromine)含量超过 99 mg/每公斤体重，会有中毒症状。 115 mg/每公斤体重，後可能会致死。 二.当摄时咖啡因(Caffeine)含量超过 139 mg/每公斤体重，会有中毒症状。 普通的巧克力每公克约含4.5~16mg的可可硷， 也就是浓度较高的巧克力，5公斤的小型犬吃超过30g就会中毒。 5公斤的 猫 吃超过30g就会中毒。 15公斤的中型犬吃超过150g就会中毒。 以现在手上有的金沙巧克力来说，一粒大约15g，当然金沙不是纯巧克力，但是保守一点 估计，只要猫吃超过两颗以上，就会有中毒危险。 可可粉每公克约含5.3~26mg的可可硷 牛奶的部分，可以自己换算一下。 --

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