抱歉，因为我的所学有些相关，所以基於好奇我去把原文抓出来看。 不过，我先说一点: 我很高兴有人能够这麽努力地去找原文资料。 光是这一点我就觉得很棒了。(赞!) 但是，基於专业道德，我想我也必须指出您这一篇文章可能不适合在这里使用。 以下: 1. 这篇文章是利用以色列的青少年做为样本。样本够大。 2. 然而，这些样本却可惜地不能做为代表性样本，因为这些样本的选择 在原文的"方法"中，是这样写的: Out of 270,000 male adolescents unselectively screened by the Draft Board, 50,413 were suspected of having behavioral problems and were referred for the in-depth psychosocial assessment. 但是他们的选择这些样本，是透过下列的标准: This assessment includes (a) social functioning, which assesses social potency (e.g., likes to take charge, likes to be noticed at social events) and social closeness (e.g., sociable, have close interpersonal ties); (b) individual autonomy, which assesses personal autonomy, maturity, and self-directed behavior (e.g., ability to function and make decisions independently); (c) organizational ability, which assesses compliance to time tables, self-mastery, and self-care (e.g., ability to adhere to a schedule and tidiness responsibility); and (d) physical activity, which assesses the involvement in extracurricular activities concentrating on health-related physical activities (e.g., interest in sports and hiking). The behavior is rated on a 1 (worst) to 5 (best) scale based on predetermined reliable and validated instructions. 会被选为此研究的样本，则必须: After this initial screening interview, those adolescents who are suspected of having significant behavioral problems (approximately 15%–20% of all male adolescents screened) are referred for an in-depth psychosocial assessment. The criteria for referral for the in-depth psychosocial assessment are having one or more of the following: (a) obtaining the lowest score on rating of social functioning, (1 on a scale of 5), which is characterized by social withdrawal and paucity of close friendships, (b) documentation or self-report of present or past psychiatric symptoms, including enuresis, sleep disturbances, drug or alcohol abuse; (c) prediction by the interviewer that the adolescent will not do well in the military. 因此，这个样本本身就已经不具可以一般化的全国样本代表性。利用这种临床样本 我们只能够把结论限制在这种临床样本中(有行为问题之青少年，而非一般健康之青 少年)。也因此，即便结果显示之後因精神分裂症住院的人有着较高比例的物质滥用 史，但是，由於这群样本本身就是一群有行为问题的青少年，我们也可以合理怀疑 这群青少年本身就有较大的可能在未来被诊断出拥有精神分裂症而需住院治疗，我们 顶多只能说，或许物质滥用可能与这群青少年精神状况恶化有关。 3.最後，我找一下他们如何定义所谓的物质滥用，我发现他们的分类方式是这样的: a. 所滥用之物质: Although the types of drugs used are not specified, data from several door-to-door studies on drug use between ages 12–18, carried out by the Israeli health authorities in 1989, 1992, and again in 1995, the time period that the data reported here were collected, indicate that 26.8%–36.6% of those adolescents who reported using drugs used marihuana, 65.5%–84.3% used sedatives or stimulants, and 23.4–55.9% used LSD, ecstasy, or opioids. 这边可以看出，约有1/4-1/2的人使用派对药物。但是，同时约有60-84%的人 使用镇静剂或者兴奋剂。 b. 研究者分类何为药物滥用者与非药物滥用者: The interviewer assesses whether the subject is addicted to drugs, if the use of drugs is daily or is a significant part of his lifestyle or social life, and, if these criteria are met, he is reported as a drug user in a yes–no format. Sporadic users are classified as nonusers. 我想这边很重要: 研究者不会把样本分类为"滥用者"，如果该青少年只是偶而为之。 必须非得要天天用或者是已经成为重要的生活风格或者社交生活，研究者 才会把该青少年分类为"滥用者"。 结论是: 嗯，我想这篇主要在讲的，是那些"滥用"药物的"有行为问题"之青少年。 我想这点必须说清楚才是。 =) ※ 引述《oesh (非人类 )》之铭言： : 1.精神分裂症 : Limited data indicate that drug abuse is already prevalent before : the manifestation of psychosis, consistent with the possibility : that drug abuse might be associated with increased risk for schizophrenia. : The prevalence of self-reported drug abuse in adolescents later hospitalized : for schizophrenia was 12.4%, compared with 5.9% prevalence of drug abuse in : adolescents not later hospitalized; adjusted RR = 2.016, 95% confidence : interval: 1.309–3.104 (Wesier et al. 2003). : . : 药物滥用 可能提升精神分裂症的风险， : 青少年"滥用药物後即时住院"与"滥用药物後较迟住院"得到精神分裂症之比例 : 分别为5.9%以及12.4%（Wesier et al. 2003） : 3.Weiser M, Reichenberg A, Rabinowitz J, Kaplan Z, Caspi A, Yasvizky R, : Mordechai M, Knobler HY, Nahon D, Davidson M. 2003. Self-reported drug : abuse in male adolescents with behavioral disturbances, and follow-up for : future schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 54(6): 655-60. --

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