NBA最难以防守的动作的演变 作者：Kirk Goldsberry http://i.imgur.com/lyY7xKg.jpg If there's one thing that separates NBA superstars from every other pro bask etball player, it's their abilities to create their own buckets. An elite gr oup of players has the ability to take advantage of any sliver of space or t he slightest opening to the rim -- scoring in ways that leave defenses compl etely helpless. 如果要说NBA的超级球星和其他职业篮球运动员区别开来的话，那就是他们的得分手段。 球星有能力利用任何空间或防守者的最微小的漏洞——多样化的得分手段的让防守者完 全无可奈何。 The most deflating of these plays come on three types of spectacular moves, all unassisted and all unstoppable in the right hands: the step-back, the is o dunk and the deep pull-up 3. The best in the game rely on these moves when they need a bucket and want to make sure there's nothing you can do about i t. In a way, they're perfect reflections of the modern game. But they're als o deeply rooted in their own important basketball lineages. 在所有技巧之中，有三种最无解的招式。 这三种招式分别是後撤步投c c 5 $$007 $$00$$$以及超远三分。 当需要得分打破僵局时，队中的超级球星往往会选择这三招来发起进攻 ，以将防守的干扰降到最低。 从某种意义上来讲，这三招就是现代篮球的缩影。 但同 时，对於这些招数本身来讲，他们也有自身重要的发展历程。 Here is the evolution of the most unguardable moves in the NBA. 以下是这三种无解招式的进化历程。 The step-back 後撤步投篮 Let's start with the go-to move for the NBA's three-time defending scoring c hampion.James Harden has leveraged his amazing ability to create his own 3-p oint shots off the bounce for years now. He hunts and pecks with endless dri bbles -- rocking his body, threatening a dribble-drive. As soon as he notice s his defender is leaning just a hair the wrong way, he pulls his body back, gathers up his dribble and fires. 让我们先从三届得分王James Harden开始说起。James Harden依赖於他的招牌动作後撤 步技巧来创造三分投篮的空间。 通过反复运球，不断改变身体重心抑，一旦他发现守球 员的重心出现一丝偏移，他就会使出後撤步，收球，出手，一气呵成。 The numbers are startling. Over the past six seasons, Harden has attempted a staggering 1,988 step-back 3s. Nobody else in the league has tried more tha n 800. 在过去的六个赛季内，Harden共出手了1988次後撤步三分。 联盟没有任何一名球员的有 这样的数据超过800次。 We didn't talk much about efficiency in the 1990s, but when we review Jordan 's midrange stats through today's analytical lens, his numbers are astoundin g. In 1996-97,he led the NBA in midrange attempts and efficiency. 在90年代得分效率这一概念还没有普及。 但即使以今天的标准来评论Jordan在中距离的 表现，他给出来的数据还是令人非常震惊的。 在1996-97赛季，Jordan在中距离的出手 数及得分效率都领先於全联盟 A decade later, Dirk Nowitzki took the move one step further by adding more of a step-back element. Nowitzki combined his enormous size with a high rele ase point and masterful footwork to create his own unstoppable jump-shooting arsenal. 十年之後，Nowitzki在这技术的基础上加上了後撤步，将其投篮技术带上了另一个高度 。充分运用了身材高大的优势，结合极高的投篮出手点及大师级的脚步，让他的跳投变 得无法阻挡。 He rode shots like this all the way to the 2011 NBA championship: 这样的进攻手段让他带来了2011年的总冠军 http://i.imgur.com/XoKZGUM.jpg Then came Harden and Stephen Curry, who both used the same principles to do something outlandish. They exported the unassisted jumper revolution out to 3-point territory, changing the game forever in the process. 之後是Harden和Stephen Curry，他们都使用相同的原理来开创了不同的投法。 他们将 後撤步出手范围延展到了三分线外，此後改变了篮球运动的发展轨迹。 They used ridiculous handles and the threat of rim attacks to destroy their defenders' balance. But because they were facing the target, they could effe ctively shoot the ball from distance. By timing their gather with exquisite footwork, they essentially transitioned from dribblers to 3-point shooters i n the blink of an eye.By the time defenders realized what they were up to, i t was too late. 他们利用自己熟练的运球技巧和突破威胁让防守者失去重心。 由於他们在持球时面向篮 框，所以能保证三分球出手的命中率。 通过精确计算收球的时机以及利用精巧的脚步动 作，他们基本上可以在一瞬间完成从运球状态到三分投射状态的转变。等防守球员反应 过来的时候，一切就都太迟了。 http://i.imgur.com/ZrtlpC5.jpg And by the time Luka Doncic was entering the league, the move was officially a thing. Rather than a relatively simple step-back, now we get stuff like t his: 在Luka Doncic进入联盟前，三分後撤步在联盟已经传开，而现在後撤步已经进化成了像 这样： http://i.imgur.com/RFmY0bt.jpg Harden and Doncic make this look easy, but it's not. Only six players are ev en attempting multiple step-back 3s per game, according to Second Spectrum t racking. Harden和Doncic让後撤步三分看起来十分简单，但其实不然。 据SecondSpectrum统计 ，目前联盟里只有六名球员场均会出手超过一次的後撤步三分。 The unassisted dunk 单打扣篮 While the past 10 years in the NBA will be remembered for the 3-point revolu tion, games are won and lost at the rim, too. Many of the league's most impo rtant superstars still create their own buckets in the paint, blending power , size and speed to dunk at will. 近十年来，NBA因“小球时代”掀起的三分球革命，但联盟里许多超级球星依旧可以在禁 区为自己创造出投篮空间，结合力量、身材及速度优势在防守球员头上予取予求。 While 3s have reshaped the look and feel of pro basketball, one guy being ab le to put the ball directly into the rim is an extreme luxury in tight playo ff games. 尽管目前三分球的发展已经改变了职业篮球的打法以及观感，但在季後赛对抗中，如队 中有一个可以突破到内线得分的球员，这会对比赛走势起到决定性的作用 Interior domination is as old as the NBA itself, and many of the league's fi rst superstars (George Mikan, Wilt Chamberlain, Bill Russell) used unassiste d dunks and layups to pave the way for today's greats. But the seminal inter ior dominator in the 21st century is Shaquille O'Neal, one of the greatest c enters ever and arguably the single most physically imposing player in NBA h istory. 自NBA联盟建立以来，场上双方对於内线的争夺就没有停止过。 而许多联盟初代巨星（ 比如Mikan、Chamberlain和Bill Russell）都会在比赛中选择一对一单打的扣篮或者上 篮来得分，这也为後人奠定了基础。 但21世纪最具开创性的内线统治者还是非Shaquil le O'Neal莫属。 他是NBA历史上最好的中锋之一，而且可以说他是NBA史上身体素质最 强的球员，没有之一。 O'Neal propelled the Lakers to three consecutive titles with dunk after dunk . If you didn't send the double-team, he'd bump and fake anyone into oblivio n on the way to a slam like this O'Neal用他一次又一次的扣篮帮助湖人完成了三连霸。 如果不对他采取包夹，他就会对 防守进行冲击，并利用假动作晃开防守者，用扣篮结束进攻 http://i.imgur.com/H7zOkcg.jpg LeBron James-- the most visible basketball player on the planet for at leas t a decade now -- is a threat to do nearly anything on the court. Even at ag e 36, he's at perhaps his most undeniable when he channels Shaq from the per imeter. Let James beat the first defender and it often doesn't matter what h elp defense is coming. He's ready to throw it down. 在过去的十年里，LeBron James一直是这个联盟最知名的篮球巨星，无论他在场上做什 麽都会对防守造成威胁。 即使已经36岁，一旦被LeBron过掉第一个防守人，让他从外线 使用坦克切的方式冲进去，无论什麽样的补防都无济於事。 因为他已经准备好将球狠狠 灌入篮里。 http://i.imgur.com/1BbEKS3.jpg You can see James' influence on two of the league's most imposing younger pl ayers.leading the league in points in the paint in each of the past three se asons thanks in large part to his unassisted jams. 从现今联盟最有影响力的两位超新星球员身上也能看出詹姆斯对他们的影响。在过去的 三个赛季中，字母哥在禁区得分这一项数据上领跑全联盟。 而这要归功於他一对一灌篮 终结的能力。 http://i.imgur.com/GZRMSWC.jpg But Antetokounmpo's reign in the paint might be brief. There's a challenger in New Orleans, and this move is what makes him special. 但字母哥对於禁区的统治可能不会持续太久，因为在鹈鹕队中有一位强有力的挑战者对 他的地位发起了强有力的挑战。 下面充分展示了他的与众不同。 http://i.imgur.com/HCEFTMe.jpg At age 21,Zion Williamson is averaging nearly 20 points per game in the lane , emerging as the latest do-it-yourself dunking machine. Like James, he is b lessed with a tremendous feel for the game. Like O'Neal, he comes equipped w ith a blend of size and strength that just seems unfair. That combination re sults in a unique ability to get from the edges to the rim 年仅21岁的Zion平均每场可得近20分。 他也成为新一代的暴扣机器。 对篮球比赛，他 有着和詹姆斯一样的天生嗅觉，以及拥有和O'Neal一样的怪兽级别的身体素质， 这两项 特点的结合让他可以轻松杀到篮下以扣篮终结进攻。 The deeeep pull-up 3 超远程三分球 Along with step-back 3s, deep pull-up 3s are among the fastest-growing shot types in the NBA. Today's best shooters arenow comfortable shooting from di stances that were deemed absurd just a decade ago. 除了後撤步三分之外，超远三分也是联盟里发展最快的投篮方式之一。 现今联盟里顶尖 的投手都已适应了超远距离的出手。 这在十年前，这样的出手方式只会让人觉得荒唐。 Steph Curry normalized this move, but some of his NBA ancestors were pretty good at it too. One example: Gilbert Arenas, probably the boldest jump-shoot er of his era, showed the world that shooting from 30 feet wasn't impossible .Arenas hit big-time buzzer-beaters from outer space throughout his career. Steph Curry把超远三分变成了常规的进攻手段，但在他之前也有非常擅长投超远三分的 球员。 例如：Gilbert Arenas。 他可能是同时期NBA里最大胆的投手了，他用实际行动 向世人证明了logoshot并非不可能。在职业生涯中，Arenas也数次从超远距离命中绝杀 球。 http://i.imgur.com/hLDgU01.jpg Still, the biggest moment in the league's deep 3 movement happened on a Satu rday night in Oklahoma City. Curry melted our faces with a 37-foot buzzer-be ating bomb in one of the 2015-16 season's biggest games. NBA中最经典的超远三分诞生在2015年雷霆主场迎战勇士的比赛中，Curry用一记刚过半 场距离篮框37英尺的超远三分球绝杀了雷霆。 This was no game of HORSE. This was arguably the biggest moment in the Warri ors' race for 73 wins, and Curry just pulled up from Neptune to ice the game . http://i.imgur.com/CSEjipG.jpg Curry will go down as one of the most influential players in league history for proving that it is possible to be efficient from beyond 30 feet. Since 2 013-14,he has made a ridiculous 37.6% of his 193 attempts from that range. O n these 10-yard completions,Curry is the most accurate quarterback in the NB A. Curry证明了从30英尺外的距离也可以高效地命中投篮，而这一点也让他成为了联盟历史 上最有影响力的球员之一。 从2013-14赛季开始，Curry在30英尺外的距离共出手了193 次投篮，命中率为37.6%。 他的命中率是同时期全联盟最高 But he's not alone. Any conversation about deep 3s needs to includeDamian L illard, who has ended two playoff series with legendary triples from way dow ntown. Lillard can't quite match Curry's accuracy, but he's not far behind. And nobody -- not even Curry -- has made more deep ones than Dame, who has s unk 140 3s from beyond 30 feet since 2013-14 但在超远三分方面，Curry并不是一枝独秀。 谈及超远三分时，Damian Lillard名字总 会被提及。 因为他以两记史诗级超远三分绝杀终结了两轮季後赛。 虽然Lillard超远三 分的命中率没有Curry高，但他落後得并不多。 而且据SecondSpectrum统计数据显示， 自2013-14赛季以来，Lillard已经投进了140记超远三分。 http://i.imgur.com/XVKBpLA.jpg One of the best things about pro basketball is that it's constantly evolving . The world's most influential hoopers find new ways to create their own buc kets in breathtaking fashion 职业篮球最棒的一点就是它在不断发展。世界上最有影响力的篮球运动员找到了新的方 法，创造自己的得分手段 https://reurl.cc/NXgDN9 5 $$00$$$篮、ISO单打扣篮 --

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