儿子送去结紮前(约六个月)，我也是很担心泌尿道还有发育的问题， 那阵子上网查过资料，整理了一下，跟大家分享。 请多指教 -----------------------------参考资料(一)------------------------------------ (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:372–379) Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in cats C. Victor Spain, Janet M. Scarlett, and Katherine A. Houpt 长期观察喵喵早龄结紮可能带来的危害和好处 Animals 1,660 cats. 样本数1660只喵 Procedure Cats underwent gonadectomy and were adopted from an animal shelter before 1 year of age; follow-up was available for as long as 11 years after surgery (median follow-up time, 3.9 years). 样本来源：长期追踪收容所一岁前节育的喵喵。 Adopters completed a questionnaire about their cats' behavior and medical history. 如何追踪：领养的人完成有关喵喵行为与医疗纪录问卷。 When possible, the cats' veterinary records were reviewed. 附注：喵喵的看诊记录(若有保留)可是有审查的喔。 Statistical analyses were conducted to identify any associations between the occurrence of 47 medical and behavioral conditions and the cats' age at gonadectomy. (统计相关...略 XDDD) Results Among male cats that underwent early-age gonadectomy (< 5.5 months of age), the occurrence of abscesses, aggression toward veterinarians, sexual behaviors, and urine spraying was decreased, whereas hiding was increased, compared with cats that underwent gonadectomy at an older age. 短於5.5个月结紮公猫与晚於5.5个月结紮公猫相比： 发生脓疮(打架造成)、对兽医的攻击性、性行为、喷尿的机率降低，但是躲躲藏藏 的机率提升。 Among male and female cats that underwent early-age gonadectomy, asthma, gingivitis, and hyperactivity were decreased, whereas shyness was increased. 若是公母喵喵早期结紮一起来看： 发生气喘、齿龈炎、过动行为是降低的，但是怕生行为有增加趋势。 Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Gonadectomy before 5.5 months of age was not associated with increased rates of death or relinquishment or occurrence of any serious medical or behavioral condition and may provide certain important long-term benefits, especially for male cats. 结论一： 喵喵早期结紮与死亡率、被主人抛弃、严重的病痛(包含泌尿道)或不良行为无正相 关，且对公猫反而带来一些好处(见上述结果)。 Animal shelters can safely gonadectomize cats at a young age, and veterinarians should consider recommending routine gonadectomy for client-owned cats before the traditional age of 6 to 8 months. 结论二： 收容所早期节育喵喵是安全的，兽医可以考虑帮家喵早点节育(早於6-8个月)。 6-8个月为美国传统上的结紮时机。 -----------------------------参考资料(二)------------------------------------ (American Board of Veterinary Practitioners) Early Age Altering of Kittens Susan Little, DVM 小猫的早龄节紮 Perceived detrimental effects include: 大家对早期节育的认知(迷思？)有以下四点。 1. Stunted growth 生长异常 A. University of FL (Stubbs et al, 1996): Evaluated skeletal growth in cats altered at seven weeks, seven months and those left intact; delayed closure of the growth plate of the radius was seen in cats altered at both seven weeks and seven months of age. 七周或七个月结紮喵与不结紮喵比较，前者的桡骨生长板较晚停滞。 B. University of MN (Root el al, 1997): Radius length was longer in cats altered at both seven weeks and seven months versus intact cats. 同前研究，喵不管是七周还是七个月结紮桡骨都较长。 2. Obesity 肥胖 A multifactorial problem involving diet, exercise, age and other factors; Root et al (1996) showed that altered cats require fewer calories than intact cats regardless of the age at which they were neutered; male cats altered at both seven weeks and seven months required 28% less calories than intact male cats; female cats altered at both seven weeks and seven months required 33% fewer calories than intact female cats. 简言之，结紮喵需要较少热量。 3. Behavioural changes 行为改变 A. University of FL study (Stubbs et al, 1996): Behaviours were similar between both groups of altered cats; sexually intact cats demonstrated less affection toward humans and more interspecies aggression. 早晚期的结紮喵行为差不多，不结紮喵对人比较不亲、对异种比较不爽。 B. Cornell University study, 1660 cats with median follow up time of 4 years (Spain et al, 2004): Early altered cats showed more shyness and less hyperactivity than cats neutered after six months of age; early altered male cats showed less aggression to veterinarians, less urine spraying but more occurrences of hiding. 同参考资料(一)。 C. Mercer University study (Wright, 2001): 127 kittens, split litter design, followed for one year, no differences in behaviours based on age at altering. 早晚期的结紮喵行为差不多。 4. Increased risk of disease, including lower urinary tract disease 提高致病率(包含下泌尿道疾病) A. University of FL, University of MN studies: Urethral diameter is not affected by age at neutering in male cats; feline lower urinary tract disease is caused by a wide variety of factors, including diet. 早期节育不会影响公喵尿道直径大小。尿道疾病与很多因素相关，包含饮食。 B. Cornell University study (Spain et al, 2004): Concluded neutering before 5.5 months of age is not associated with any serious long-term outcomes, showed important benefits such as less asthma, gingivitis and bite wound abscesses. 同参考资料(一)。 C. Texas A&M study (Howe et al, 2000): 263 cats (188 altered at under six months of age), followed for three years, no increased disease risk as compared to traditional-age surgeries. 追踪三年早期节育的喵喵，发生疾病的机率与传统年龄节育的喵喵没有差异。 -----------------------------参考资料(三)------------------------------------ (JAVMA, Vol 231, No. 11, December 1, 2007) Determining the optimal age for gonadectomy of dogs and cats Margaret V. Root Kustritz 评估适合猫狗结紮的年龄 Male cats castrated before onset of puberty may have a decreased ability to extrude the penis. Clinical relevance of this phenomenon is not known. 公猫太早结紮，会造成小鸡鸡比较不容易弹出来...，但与此现象的临床相关性仍未知。 The reported incidence of FLUTD is 0.6%. Despite numerous vehemently declared anecdotes of an increase in the incidence of urethral obstruction in male cats castrated when young, numerous studies have failed to detect a correlation between gonadectomy of cats at any age and a decrease in diameter of the urethra or an increase in incidence of FLUTD, with or without urethral obstruction. In 1 large study, investigators identified gonadectomy as a risk factor for development of FLUTD in both female and male cats and also identified an increased risk of development of FLUTD in overweight or obese cats. 下泌尿道疾病在喵喵盛行率为0.6%。虽然盛传公猫尿道阻塞与太早结紮有关，但已有许 多研究无法证明这件事，即结紮年龄与尿道变窄、下泌尿道疾病、尿道阻塞无正相关。 另一方面，有一份样本数很大的研究指出：公母猫结紮(不分时间)的确与下泌尿道疾病 相关(不在本篇讨论范围，可见 J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:1429–1435)。 --

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