CH 5 laterites 红土 till 冰河丘 outwash 冰水沉积 varve 纹泥 trough cross-stratification p.131 F.5-1B Walter's law p.135 delta - delta plain; delta front; prodelta p.134 river-dominated delta --p.135 alluvial fans --Temporary stearms carry sediment down valleys incised into the naked rocks of nearby highlands to form low cone-shape structure called alluvial fans. braided streams 辫状河 --a river follows a complex network of interconnect channels meandering rivers 曲流 backswamp 後沼沉积 --p.133 天然河堤与洪泛平原之间 barrier islands --composed largely of clean sand that has been piled up by wave lagoon --湾口被沙洲堵塞而成的浅水 fringing reef 暗礁 群礁 --直接和陆地相连的珊瑚礁 barrier reef 堡礁 --珊瑚礁和陆地间为泻湖 atoll --珊瑚礁为环状 且中间为一个泻湖 stromatolites 叠层构造 cyanobacteria 蓝绿菌 turbidite 浊流岩 turbidity current --a flow of dense, sediment-charged water movingdown a slope inder the influence of gravity 1.What kinds of nonmarine swdimentary deposits reflect arid environment conditions? evaporites 2.What kinds of nonmarine swdimentary deposits reflect cold environment conditions? moraine, glacial till 3.What kinds of deposits indicate the presence of rugged terrain in the vicinity of a nonmarine depositional basin? alluvial fans 4.In what nonmarine settings do gravelly sediments often accumulate? alluvial fans 5.Contrast the patterns of occurrence of sediments and sedimentary structures in the following three kinds of depositional cycles: the kind produced by meandering rivers, the kind produced by deltas, and the kind produced by turbuduty currents. p.122-123 6.Draw a profile of a barrier island-lagoon complex, and label the various depositional environments. p.138-139 7.What features typify sediments that accumulate inthe center of lake? varve 8.How do stromatolites form? formed by cyanobacteria 9.Describe the kind of rock found in a typical organic reef. limestone 10.Where is a lagoon in relation to a barrier reef? Where is it in relation to a atoll? barrier reef : reef-lagoon-land-lagoon-reef atoll : reef-lagoon-reef 11.Which features of carbonate rocks suggest intertidal or supertidal deposition? Which features suggest subtidal deposition? stromatolites oolite 12.What types of sediments and sedimentary structures usually reflect deposition in a deep-sea setting? p.145 13.What are the important depositional environments of the basic kinds of sediment [such as mud, well-sorted sand, gravel , evaporites, and various kinds of limestone] and of particular sedementary structure [such as cross-bedding, graded beds, mudcracks, and ripples]? How are the kinds of sediment and sedimentary structures found within each environment related to processes operating within it? Use the Visual Overview on the page 122 for reference. --

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