CH 3 4几乎都不会写 请大家帮忙补完 CH 3 界Kingdom 门Phylum 纲Class 目Order 科Family 属Genus 种Species 1.What conditions favor the preservation of soft parts as fossils within sediment? 沉积速率快 构造运动少 2.What are the six kingdom of organism, and what traits characterize ezch one? p.63 plantae fungi animalia protista archaeobacteria eubacteria 3.What is the value of derived traits for the reconstruction of phylogenies? 不会 4.What kinds of organisms are grouped as algae? 不会 5.How did the evolution of certain reproductuve features allow early plants to invade the land? Anser the same question for animaals. 不会 6.In what ways do animals participate in the reproduction of seed plant? 不会 7.What is a colonial animal? 不会 8.What kinds of animals are included among the arthopods? What kinds are included among the mollusks? 不会 9.How do lobe-finned fishes differ from ray-finned fishes, and why were the ray-finned forms unlikely to give rise to terrestrial animals? 不会 10.How do mammals differ from reptiles? 不会 11.The history of life has been highlighted by evolutionary innovations. Using the Visual Overview [p.58] and what you have learned in this chapter, identify important evolutionary breakthroughs in the overall phylogeny of life that have distinguished new taxa from their predecessors, and explain the biological signficance of each of the features that you identify. 不会 CH 4 hypsometric curve --A hypsometric curve indicates the proportions of Earht's surface that lie at various altitudes above and depths below sea level. life habit --We speak of the way a species lives within its niche as a life habit. fauna 动物群 flora 植物群 biota 生物群 brackish --water of lower salinity hypersaline --water of higher salinity 1.Sometimes the species of a community are described as forming a good chain. Why is it usually more appropriate to speak instead of a food web? 2.Which terrestrial and marine environments characteristically contain few species? Explain why each of these environments is populated in this way. 不会 3.How do the main kinds of producers [photosynthesizer] in the ocean differ in mode of life from those on the land? 微管束(?) 4.What can fossil plants tell us about ancient environments? p.108 5.What does the shape of the hypsometric curve tell us about the distribution of seafloor environments? p.94 6.What produces the intertropical convergence zone? p.101 地轴倾斜 7.What conditions create monsoons? 广大大陆边缘附近,原因是海陆的热容量不同 8.How do winds affect the ocean on a large scale? 不会 9.Rain forests are sometimes likened to coral reefs, in that both support communities that include large numbers of species. Why are both communitues restructed to the tropics? 不会 10.What kinds of salinities characterize lagoons along the marine of the ocean? What causes these salinity conditions? 盐分低 brackish--有河水注入,部分独立於开放的海洋 盐分高 hypersaline--在水分蒸发快,位在热且乾燥的气候区 11.Identify the limiting factors that play important roles for various communities of marine organisms [from the deep sea to the intertidal zone and form the tropics to polar regions] and for varios communities of nonmarine organisms [from lowland equatorial regions to mountain tops and polar regions]. How do the compositions of various communities reflect the presence of the limiting factors? Use the Visual Overview on page 92 as a guide. --

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