※ [本文转录自 historia 看板] 作者: MRZ (LQY) 看板: historia 标题: 军事史之史观理论017 时间: Thu Mar 10 17:53:14 2005 The economic militarization of society (the armed forces getting the lion's share of the resources also in peacetime) has not been studied much, except in Scandinavia (Sven A. Nilsson and his Nordic ‘school’); and here the inspiration did not come from Prussian/German history or Third World developments, but from the challenge of the many unknowns in the domestic history of imperial Sweden and in the dynamic history of 17th century Denmark The study of militarization in politics (military rule or pervasive military influence) has always attracted scholars, and never so much as during the last half-century. Here, however, a dividing line is discernible between the academic disciplines engaged. The sociologists and political scientists (Samuel P. Huntington, Morris Janowitz, Samuel E. Finer, and others) have concentrated almost exclusively on the contemporary world, and there mainly on the US and the developing states. The historians, on their side, have been more interested in Europe and, of course, older periods; and one of them (Gordon A. Craig) has produced the beaconing work on the military in politics: The Politics of the Prussian Army (1955). 至於‘社会的经济军事化’方面的研究也寥寥无几。所谓‘社会的经济军事化’是 指军队在平时与战时所获得的社会与经济资源。不过这种情形却在斯堪纳底维亚却 是个例外﹐史凡A尼尔孙和其所开创的“北国学派”为其大宗。尼氏的研究灵感﹐并 非启发自普德战史与第三世界国家的历史﹐而是罕为人知的瑞典与丹麦在十七世纪 时﹐对外开疆拓土的内政史。 而在‘军事化中的政治活动’﹐也就是专指军事统治和政治上的军事影响的这个主 题方面﹐却在1950年代以後﹐颇获史学界的青睐﹐但也因此造成了军史学界的分裂﹐ 使得学派林立﹐百花齐放。比如说社会学家与政治学家﹐如山谬P杭廷顿﹑摩瑞斯杨 诺维兹﹑山谬E范尔等人﹐都专门研究现代世界局势﹐尤其是针对美国与开发中国家。 至於史学家方面﹐都理所当然的将他们的兴趣专注在欧洲过去的局势发展状况上面﹐ 其中之一的代表性人物是高登克雷格﹐在1955年发表了“普鲁士陆军军政考”这一 本﹐是‘军事化中的政治活动’这个研究主题中的代表性作品。 -- 万物皆非主，唯曼尼大神，至圣之先知，亚当史密斯。 La ilaha ill money，Adam Smith rasula'Llah 荣耀归於曼尼。自宇宙之初成﹐贯古今与未来﹐直至永恒不灭。喀锵！（收银机响声） Gloria patri Money. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculorum.Ka-ching! --

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