※ [本文转录自 historia 看板] 作者: MRZ (LQY) 看板: historia 标题: 军事史之史观理论014 时间: Wed Mar 2 13:39:19 2005 The ‘Warfare, Economy, and Technology’ Problematique This particular complex of problems for governments and societies has, of course, a long historical existence, but it was the experience of the First World War, the first ‘total’ war that made it a central and much cultivated field of historical research. The nearly total mobilisation and organising of the industrial, financial, and labour resources of the war-waging states called for post-war studies in order to be fully mapped, comprehended, and evaluated. The Second World War enhanced the importance of this research field, which now gradually started to flourish with excellent scholarship, as exemplified by Alan S. Milward’s War, Economy, and Society, 1939–1945 (1977); the studies by Fritz Redlich (1964–1965) and Jan Glete (1993) of the ‘warfare, economy, and technology’ problematique as it could present itself in various pre-industrial contexts; and William McNeill’s attempt at a historical synthesis of the problematique (1983). 四﹑战争形态﹑经济形态﹑与科技形态之三角问题 由於第一次世界大战的爆发﹐人类在历史上首次遭遇到了‘总体战’的体验﹐再加 上之前出现的政治和社会问题﹐使得军史的研究重心逐步改变。由於战时各国尽全 力的动员了所有的工业产能﹑财政支出﹑以及人力资源﹐目的只是单纯追求一场胜 利﹔这种状态在战後形成了一种反思﹐新的史观也逐步萌芽。二次世界大战的爆发 更刺激了军史研究的发展﹐於是出现了更为优秀的学说。比如说﹕亚兰S米瓦德所写 的‘战争﹑经济﹑与社会﹐1939-1945(1977)’这本书﹔以及费理兹瑞德理希(1964- 1965)与江格勒特(1993)在研究工业革命之前的军史时﹐所提出的‘战争形态﹑经济 形态﹑与科技形态’三角问题的史观﹔还有威廉麦尼尔在1983年对此史观所提出的 问题﹐所作出的解答等等﹐都是这个时代最重要的史学成就之一。 -- LQY评注﹕三角关系可参考本站战史版上的文章。 -- 万物皆非主，唯曼尼大神，至圣之先知，亚当史密斯。 La ilaha ill money，Adam Smith rasula'Llah 荣耀归於曼尼。自宇宙之初成﹐贯古今与未来﹐直至永恒不灭。喀锵！（收银机响声） Gloria patri Money. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculorum.Ka-ching! --

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