※ [本文转录自 historia 看板] 作者: MRZ (LQY) 看板: historia 标题: 军事史之史观理论007 时间: Wed Jan 19 14:40:48 2005 Now, what did Delbrueck mean by the concept of Sachkritik? Described very simply, it means that all historical ‘facts’ (data), even if they have passed the most rigorous test of source criticism, must—in order to be scientifically acceptable—be tested as well against ‘reality’, that is in relation to the questions: is it possible, and at the same time credible that a certain fact has actually occurred, or that it really could have been such as it is rendered by the sources? The correctives available in this process are provided by (1) the ‘laws’ (condensed historical experience) of the theory of war (Kriegstheorie/theorie de la guerre), by (2) historically unchanged topo-geographic conditions, and by (3) what we know is physiologically or technically possible. Delbrueck's application of his Sachkritik was instrumental in demolishing or radically altering several ‘established truths’ about major battles or characteristics of classical and medieval warfare. This method of factual criticism soon became, and has remained, a conspicuous part of the normal approach of historians of warfare to their objects of study. It is, however, not entirely unquestioned among historians outside the branch. 既然如此﹐那麽德布吕克的‘实证考据主义’的定义是什麽﹖简单来说﹐就是所有 的历史‘事实(资料)’﹐它的来源必须先经过严格且仔细的考证﹐还得合乎科学的 分析﹐再经过详细的验证﹐才能确定该项‘事实(资料’的可信度与否﹖整个程序要 探讨的主题﹐分别为下列三点﹕ 一﹑是否合乎战争理论(Kriegstheorie/theorie de la guerre)的定律﹖ 二﹑是否合乎战场环境的变化﹖ 三﹑是否合乎当时的当事人心理与技术的条件﹖ 德布吕克的实证考据主义采用非常激烈的手段﹐去追求上古以及中古史上各场重大 战役的‘事实真相’。从此实证考据主义的理论﹐从此成为战争形态史学家直至今 日所奉行的正统研究方式之一。问题是对於军事史中其他学派的史学家而言﹐这种 作法并不是那麽的无懈可击。 -- LQY附注﹕今天晚上11点半﹐各位可以在D频道看到德布吕克大师理论的追寻者﹐是 如何考据历史的﹖老实说﹐每次在D频道看到欧美学者如此这般﹐我何止是羡慕的要 死而已﹖ -- 万物皆非主，唯曼尼大神，至圣之先知，亚当史密斯。 La ilaha ill money，Adam Smith rasula'Llah 荣耀归於曼尼。自宇宙之初成﹐贯古今与未来﹐直至永恒不灭。喀锵！（收银机响声） Gloria patri Money. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculorum.Ka-ching! --

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