※ [本文转录自 historia 看板] 作者: MRZ (LQY) 看板: historia 标题: 军事史之史观理论006 时间: Tue Jan 18 09:25:41 2005 Methodology As part of the large but fairly homogeneous family of historical scholarship, military history professes and endeavours to apply the same basic principles of methodology. There are, however, some important differences pertaining to the sub-field ‘history of war/warfare’. When Hans Delbrueck (1848–1929) during the last decades of the 19th century—as it has rightly been said— almost single-handedly transformed the writing of war/warfare history from ‘story-telling to a science’, what he primarily did was to introduce and very effectively use a method which he labelled Sachkritik (factual criticism) as a complement to the established method of source criticism. We should be careful to note, however, that ‘the Delbrueckian revolution’ was effected not only by Sachkritik, the spectacular element, but also by a much stricter and far more ‘ruthless’ application of source criticism than was common among contemporary European historians. 二﹑如何研究‘军事史’﹖ 军事史乃史学之一大宗派﹐故治史之道﹐与各家史学相同。此治史之道﹐ 却与‘战争史/战争形态史’﹐有部份小同大异之处。当汉斯德布吕克[ Hans Delbrueck (1848–1929)]於1890年代以个人之力﹐开宗立派﹐将过 往只会‘叙事怀旧’之战争/战争形态史﹐转化为一门科学之後﹐方有军 事史之出现。其治史之道﹐称之为‘实证考据主义[Sachkritik (factual criticism)]’﹐而後逐步转化为资料考据主义。我们在此必须谨慎的加以 声明﹕‘德布吕克革命’之影响﹐仅限於实证考据主义﹐其治史之道﹐远 比今日军事史学家所通用之资料考据主义﹐还要来的‘严酷苛刻’许多。 -- LQY附注﹕德布吕克原先是德军将领﹐他在担任团长期间﹐就沉迷於战争史的研究。 为了考证古书中的战争场面﹐他命令一营士兵全体cosplay成罗马士兵﹐另外一营则 全体cosplay成希腊士兵﹐然後再命令两营人马按照史书中的形容交战。这种考据方 法自然是前无古人﹐後无来者。别说现在没有啥史学家有这种大手笔﹐未来要出现 这种神经病也很困难。倘若国军今天出现了这种‘天官’﹐我看他下场铁定会很惨。 抛开德布吕克式的实证考据主义不谈﹐这种作法却延伸出一门新学问﹐称之为‘军 事考古学’。德布吕克时代对於希腊和罗马的了解还不算十分深入﹐当时也没有现 代考古学﹐所以他的cosplay﹐主要依据文献资料与欧洲境内的古代艺术品。所以他 的‘实证考据’﹐并不能给後人多少有用的资料﹐虽然这样做看起来实在很爽XD 今天的军事考古学﹐则是尽可能的利用当时的生产技术﹐制造出古代军队使用的器 具﹐然後再进行实验。这些实验的结果让军事史学家们作为辅助资料用﹐但某些内 容却很难进行这样的实证考据﹐比如说古代的军医手术——谁敢找活人做实验啊﹖ 无论如何﹐德布吕克的cosplay﹐不但开创了军事史﹐还开创了军事考古学﹐向他顶 礼膜拜吧﹗............................................................Orz -- 万物皆非主，唯曼尼大神，至圣之先知，亚当史密斯。 La ilaha ill money，Adam Smith rasula'Llah 荣耀归於曼尼。自宇宙之初成﹐贯古今与未来﹐直至永恒不灭。喀锵！（收银机响声） Gloria patri Money. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculorum.Ka-ching! --

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