phonology: the study of speech sound systems and patterns 音韵学 morphology: the study of word formation 形态学 syntax: the study of sentence formation 句法；语句结构 semantics: the study of meaning 语义学 pragmatics: the study of language use 语用学 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- p1 phoneme: a sound unit or segment phonetically produced by our speech oragans 音素 Polynesian: 玻里尼西亚的 cluster: 群集；串连 vowel cluster: a sequence of two or more vowel sounds in a word radically: 彻底地;完全地 p2 tonal: 音调的 p3 derivative: a word that is derived from another word ("`electricity' is a derivative of `electric'") cursive: 草写的字母 influx: 汇集 morpheme: 词素(语言中最小的字义单位) minimal meaningful language unit; it cannot be divided into smaller meaningful units kanji: (日文中之)汉字 katakana: (日本字母)片假名 hiragana: 平假名 p4 critical: 关键性的 --

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