大家好，我是J2. 武汉肺炎持续延烧，提醒同学在密闭空间、长时间接触人群时戴口罩，并勤 洗手物摸眼耳鼻。 藉由时事顺便来认识一下两个托福也很常见的字：epidemic 跟 pandemic 根据韦氏字典定义，epidemic是an outbreak of disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at the same time, 就是流行 病。 流行病不一定是传染病，例如水俣病是由於环境污染造成的地方性流行病。 pandemic字典的定义是：an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population指的是在广大区域或全球都受到影响的大流行，历史上 曾出现过的pandemic包含smallpox（天花）, 1918 influenza pandemic (Spanish flu), Black Death(黑死病)。 至於这次的肺炎到底是epidemic还是pandemic呢？ New York Times 在2/2有一篇文章有写到 原文请看https://reurl.cc/lLGL8l "The Wuhan coronavirus spreading from China is now likely to become a pandemic that circles the globe.” 还有 “A pandemic — an ongoing epidemic on two or more continents — may well have global consequences…” 依照现在已至少23个国家都有确诊的情况，可以算是pandemic了。 epidemic这个字托福也出现过喔！例如在讲到Quaternary extinctions in the New World的理论就提到过。先讲一下背景，Quaternary extinctions 就是第四纪灭绝事件，或称Post-Pleistocene extinctions(更新世末期灭 绝事件)，其实就是大量巨型动物群(megafauna)的灭绝事件, 还是不知道是 哪个灭绝事件吗？就是长毛象、剑齿虎等在冰原历险记卡通里会看到的那些 动物的灭绝事件。 关於这次灭绝事件常见的三大理论有：人类过度打猎、气候变迁，第三个就 是epidemics！ Some have suggested that New World animals might have been decimated by diseases introduced from Asia during one of the later intervals when the Bering land-bridge route that connected Asia with America was open. （有点巧，也是从亚洲开始的...）Such epidemics, however, usually do not cause species to become extinct. 但是此理论不太合理的原因是 they decimate local populations over a large area but generally leave small pockets of resistant individuals who eventually reestablish the species. 还是有些有抵 抗力的可以存活。 *Bonus 文章最後送给同学实用武汉肺炎关键字列表 传染性极强 the Wuhan coronavirus is highly transmissible the pathogen is readily transmitted between humans 传染病学模型估计病例应该有十万或更多 various epidemiological models estimate that the real number of cases is 100,000 or even more 潜伏期 the incubation period is estimated to be between 2 and 14 days 爆发 The 2003 outbreak of SARS -- another coronavirus strand -- infected 5,327 people in mainland China, with 349 deaths 死亡率、致死率大概2% The mortality rate for known cases of the Wuhan coronavirus has been running about 2 percent 在更多研究之前，确切致死率尚无法确定 An accurate estimate of the virus’s lethality will not be possible until certain kinds of studies can be done 天气转暖病毒可能会渐弱 It is possible that the Wuhan coronavirus will fade out as weather warms. 医疗/外科手术口罩可阻挡近距离液体病菌 Surgical masks, which shield wearers from some germs in liquids (like spit) in close quarters 注： in close quarters是片语，近距离的意思。 ***** 学科真题机经班二月梯次已开课，错过前两堂课的同学可先上本周六(2/15) 的第三堂课，三月梯次再补上前两堂即可喔！！寒假变长了，建议同学好好 利用时间喔！ 立即报名：http://j2toefl.blogspot.com/p/j2toefl.html --

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