原文标题： US and Australia sign critical-minerals agreement as a way to counter China 原文连结：https://tinyurl.com/2rp2utn8 发布时间：Updated 4:54 AM GMT+8, October 21, 2025 记者署名：By SEUNG MIN KIM and AAMER MADHANI 原文内容： WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signed a critical-minerals deal at the White House on Monday as the U.S. eyes the continent’s rich rare-earth resources when China is imposing tougher rules on exporting its own critical minerals abroad. 华盛顿（美联社）—— 美国总统唐纳德·川普与澳洲总理安东尼·阿尔巴尼斯周一在白 宫签署了一项关键矿物协议。此时美国正注视澳洲丰富的稀土资源，而中国则正在对自身 关键矿物的出口施加更严格的管制。 The two leaders described the agreement as an $8.5 billion deal between the allies. Trump said it had been negotiated over several months. 两位领导人表示，这是一项总额达85亿美元的盟国合作协议。川普指出，该协议已谈判数 月之久。 “In about a year from now we’ll have so much critical mineral and rare earth that you won’t know what to do with them,” said Trump, a Republican, boasting about the deal. “They’ll be worth $2.” 共和党籍的川普夸耀道：「大约一年後，我们将拥有多到不知道该怎麽处理的关键矿物与 稀土。它们的价格可能只值两美元而已。」 Albanese added that the agreement takes the U.S.-Australia relationship “to the next level.” 阿尔巴尼斯补充说，这项协议将美澳关系「提升到新的层次」。 Earlier this month, Beijing announced that it will require foreign companies to get approval from the Chinese government to export magnets containing even trace amounts of rare-earth materials that originated from China or were produced with Chinese technology. The Trump administration says this gives China broad power over the global economy by controlling the tech supply chain . 本月稍早，北京宣布将要求外国企业在出口任何含有中国来源或使用中国技术生产的稀土 磁体时，必须获得中国政府批准。川普政府表示，这让中国能透过控制科技供应链而对全 球经济施加广泛影响力。 “Australia is really, really going to be helpful in the effort to take the global economy and make it less risky, less exposed to the kind of rare earth extortion that we’re seeing from the Chinese,” Kevin Hassett, the director of the White House’s National Economic Council, told reporters Monday morning ahead of Trump’s meeting with Albanese. 白宫国家经济委员会主任凯文·哈塞特在川普与阿尔巴尼斯会面前对记者说：「澳洲将在 降低全球经济风险、减少受到中国式稀土勒索方面，发挥非常、非常关键的作用。」 Hassett noted that Australia has one of the best mining economies in the world , while praising its refiners and its abundance of rare earth resources. Among the Australian officials accompanying Albanese are ministers overseeing resources and industry and science, and Australia has dozens of critical minerals sought by the U.S. because they are needed in everything from fighter jets and electric vehicles to laptops and phones. 哈塞特指出，澳洲是全球最强的矿业经济体之一，称赞其精炼产业与稀土储量丰富。随同 阿尔巴尼斯访美的澳洲官员包括负责资源、工业与科技的部长。澳洲拥有数十种美国迫切 需要的关键矿物，广泛应用於战机、电动车、笔电与手机等产品。 The agreement could have an immediate impact on rare earth supplies in the United States if American companies can secure some of what Australian mines are already producing, although it will take years — if not decades — to develop enough of a supply of rare earths outside of China to reduce their dominance. 若美国企业能确保取得部分澳洲矿产现有产量，该协议可能立即影响美国的稀土供应。然 而，要在中国以外地区建立足够产能以削弱中国主导地位，仍需数年，甚至数十年。 Pini Althaus, who founded USA Rare Earth back in 2019 and is now working to develop new mines in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as CEO of Cove Capital, said it will be crucial that the contracts to buy materials from Australian mines include price floors, similar to what the U.S. government promised MP Materials this summer, to protect against China manipulating prices. 美国稀土公司（USA Rare Earth）创办人、现任Cove Capital执行长皮尼·阿尔陶斯表示 ，与澳洲矿商签约时，必须设有价格底线条款，类似美国政府今年夏天对MP Materials的 承诺，以防中国透过倾销操纵市场价格。 For decades, China has used the tactic of dumping excess critical minerals onto the market to drive prices down to force mining companies in the rest of the world out of business to eliminate any competition. 数十年来，中国一直利用将过剩矿物倾销市场、压低价格的策略，迫使他国矿业企业破产 ，以消除竞争。 “Taking away that arrow of China’s to be able to manipulate pricing is a crucial first step for Australia and the West to be able to develop critical minerals projects to meet our demands,” said Althaus, who has spent nearly a quarter-century in the mining business. 阿尔陶斯说：「拔除中国操纵价格的这支箭，是澳洲与西方能够发展自身关键矿业以满足 需求的第一步。」他在矿业已有近25年经验。 The agreement underscores how the U.S. is using its global allies to counter China, especially as it weaponizes its traditional dominance in rare earth materials. Top Trump officials have used the tactics from Beijing as a rallying cry for the U.S. and its allies to work together to try to minimize China’s influence. 这份协议凸显出美国正利用全球盟友抗衡中国，特别是在中国将其稀土主导地位武器化之 际。川普政府高层以北京的策略为号召，呼吁美国与盟友合作，以尽量削弱中国影响力。 “China is a command-and-control economy, and we and our allies will neither be commanded nor controlled,” Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said last week . “They are a state economy and we are not going to let a group of bureaucrats in Beijing try to manage the global supply chains.” 财政部长史考特·贝森特上周说：「中国是指令式经济体，而我们与盟友不会被命令或控 制。他们是国家控制的经济，我们不会让北京的一群官僚来操纵全球供应链。」 The level of investment outlined in the agreement shows how serious the two nations are about addressing the problem. 协议所规划的投资规模显示两国对解决此问题的决心之强。 “The U.S. and Australia will invest over $3 billion in joint critical minerals projects within six months. That’s a somewhat unprecedented speed of capital injection,” said Gracelin Baskaran, director of the Critical Minerals Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. 华府战略与国际研究中心（CSIS）「关键矿物安全计画」主任葛蕾丝琳·巴斯卡兰指出： 「美澳将在六个月内共同投资超过30亿美元於关键矿产专案，这样的资金注入速度几乎前 所未见。」 But Althaus cautioned that Australia can’t supply everything the United States needs, so it is crucial that American continues to invest in the long- term effort to develop other mining and processing projects both at home and in friendly nations. He said central Asia might be one of the most promising places to invest because the region has significant rare earth reserves, and the Soviet Union already did some of the initial development work when it controlled that territory. That could cut years off the time it will take to build a new mine there. 但阿尔陶斯警告说，澳洲无法满足美国所有需求，因此美国必须继续在国内及友邦推动长 期矿业与精炼计画。他指出，中亚可能是最具潜力的投资地区之一，因该区蕴藏丰富稀土 储量，且苏联时期已完成部分基础开发，能节省多年建矿时间。 “Keep in mind, China has almost a 40-year head start on us,” Althaus said. “We have at least a couple of decades to catch up to China in terms of being able to meet our own supply chain processes.” 阿尔陶斯说：「要记住，中国比我们领先将近40年。我们至少需要二十年，才能在供应链 自给上追赶上中国。」 Albanese’s visit comes just before Trump is planning to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping in South Korea later this month. 阿尔巴尼斯的访问正值川普预定於本月稍晚在南韩与中国国家主席习近平会面之前。 The security partnership Another topic of discussion was AUKUS, a security pact with Australia, the U.S . and the United Kingdom that was signed during U.S. President Joe Biden’s Democratic administration. 另一讨论议题是AUKUS——由美国、澳洲与英国组成的安全协定，签署於拜登政府时期。 Trump noted Monday that AUKUS was established “a while ago” but that the agreement now is “moving along very rapidly, very well.” Albanese said that “our defense and security partnership with AUKUS is so important for us.” 川普周一指出，AUKUS「建立已有一段时间」，但目前「进展非常迅速而顺利」。阿尔巴 尼斯表示：「AUKUS对我们的防卫与安全合作至关重要。」 John Phelan, the Navy secretary, said that the U.S. wants to take the original AUKUS framework and improve it for the three signatory countries while clarifying “some of the ambiguity” in it. 美国海军部长约翰·菲伦表示，美方希望在原有AUKUS框架上进行改进，并厘清协议中「 一些模糊之处」，使三国皆受益。 “So it should be a win-win for everybody,” Phelan said. 菲伦说：「因此这应该是三方共赢。」 The center-left Albanese was reelected in May and suggested shortly after his win that his party increased its majority by not modeling itself on Trumpism. 中间偏左的阿尔巴尼斯於五月连任，并在胜选後表示，他的政党能扩大多数席次，部分原 因是「没有效法川普主义」。 “Australians have chosen to face global challenges the Australian way, looking after each other while building for the future,” Albanese told supporters during his victory speech. 阿尔巴尼斯在胜选演说中对支持者说：「澳洲人选择以澳洲方式面对全球挑战——彼此照 顾，同时建设未来。」 心得/评论： 此协议的本质，是美国为「去中国化」稀土供应链所做的最大一步。 稀土在战机、导弹、电动车、半导体制造等领域皆不可或缺。 中国目前仍掌握：全球稀土开采约 60%–70%； 全球稀土精炼加工能力约 85%–90%。 因此，即使美国能开采原矿， 若无法脱离中国的加工链，仍受制於中国。 https://i.urusai.cc/OyrxL.JPG --

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