原文标题： SpaceX's giant Starship Mars rocket nails critical 10th test flight in stunning comeback 原文连结：https://tinyurl.com/2k2bbfvn 发布时间：10:13 PM EDT, Tue August 26, 2025 记者署名：Mike Wall 原文内容： SpaceX's Starship megarocket took to the skies for the 10th time ever today ( Aug. 26), on a bold test flight that marked a big bounceback from recent failures. SpaceX 的星舰巨型火箭於今天（8月26日）进行了其历史上的第十次飞行，这是一次大胆 的测试飞行，标志着从最近的失败中强势反弹。 Starship, the largest and most powerful rocket ever built, lifted off from SpaceX's Starbase site in South Texas today at 7:30 p.m. EDT (2330 GMT; 6:30 p .m. local Texas time). That was two days later than originally planned; an issue with ground systems at Starbase forced a scrub on Sunday (Aug. 24), and bad weather caused another one on Monday (Aug. 25). 星舰是有史以来最大、最强大的火箭，今天下午7:30（美国东部夏令时，格林威治时间 2330；德州当地时间下午6:30）从 SpaceX 位於德州南部的 Starbase 发射场升空。这比 原计划晚了两天；Starbase 的地面系统问题导致周日（8月24日）的发射取消，恶劣天气 又导致周一（8月25日）再次取消。 But it was worth the wait: Starship did everything SpaceX asked it to today, getting the giant vehicle back on track after a string of issues. 但等待是值得的：星舰今天完成了 SpaceX 要求它做的所有事情，在一连串问题之後，让 这艘巨大的飞行器重回正轨。 "That was absolutely incredible," SpaceX Build Reliability Engineer Amanda Lee said during live launch commentary. "A huge congrats to all the teams here." SpaceX 的制造可靠性工程师 Amanda Lee 在直播评论中说道：「这绝对是不可思议的。 」「向这里的所有团队表示巨大的祝贺。」 "Great work by the SpaceX team!!!" SpaceX CEO Elon Musk wrote on X after the flight. SpaceX 执行长 Elon Musk 在飞行後於 X 上写道：「SpaceX 团队做得太棒了！！！」 A rocky road recently 最近崎岖不平的道路 Today's flight was the 10th overall for Starship, which is designed to be fully and rapidly reusable, and its fourth of 2025 so far. The year's three previous liftoffs didn't go entirely to plan. 今天的飞行是星舰的第十次总体飞行，也是2025年以来的第四次。星舰旨在实现完全且快 速的重复使用。今年前三次发射并不完全按计划进行。 The company lost the Ship vehicle, Starship's 171-foot-tall (52 meters) upper stage, less than 10 minutes after liftoff on both Flight 7 and Flight 8, which launched in January and March, respectively. The Ship on Flight 9 in May made it considerably farther, but still fell short of its planned Indian Ocean splashdown: The spacecraft broke apart as it reentered Earth's atmosphere about 45 minutes after liftoff. 该公司在1月和3月发射的第7次和第8次飞行中，都在升空後不到10分钟就失去了星舰的52 米高上层级「飞船（Ship）」。5月第9次飞行的飞船飞得更远，但仍然未能按计划在印度 洋溅落：在升空约45分钟後，飞船在重返地球大气层时解体。 SpaceX suffered another Ship setback in June, when the vehicle it was prepping for Flight 10 exploded on a Starbase test stand. The upper stage was completely destroyed, forcing SpaceX to switch to another Ship. 6月，SpaceX 遭遇了另一个飞船挫折，当时他们正在为第10次飞行准备的飞船在 Starbase 测试台上爆炸。上层级被完全摧毁，迫使 SpaceX 更换另一艘飞船。 Starship's giant first-stage booster, named Super Heavy, has performed better as of late. For example, the booster successfully returned to Starbase for a dramatic catch by the launch tower's "chopstick" arms on both Flight 7 and Flight 8. 星舰巨大的第一级助推器，名为「超重型（Super Heavy）」，最近的表现较好。例如， 在第7次和第8次飞行中，助推器都成功返回 Starbase，并被发射塔的「筷子」臂戏剧性 地捕获。 SpaceX notched a major Super Heavy milestone on Flight 9 as well, reflying the booster for the first time. (The same vehicle launched on Flight 7). But there was also a hiccup on the May mission. SpaceX 在第9次飞行中也取得了超重型助推器的一项重大里程碑，首次重复使用该助推器 （与第7次飞行是同一艘）。但5月的任务也出现了小插曲。 SpaceX conducted a number of experiments with Super Heavy on Flight 9, including bringing it back to Earth at a different angle, and so aimed for a splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico rather than a somewhat risky return to Starbase. But Super Heavy didn't hit the water intact, exploding above the waves during the final stages of its descent. SpaceX 在第9次飞行中对超重型助推器进行了多项实验，包括以不同角度将其带回地球， 因此目标是在墨西哥湾溅落，而不是冒险返回 Starbase。但超重型助推器在降落的最後 阶段於海面上空爆炸，没有完整地落入水中。 SpaceX studied the above issues in detail, then diagnosed them and came up with fixes. For example, the company traced Ship's Flight 9 problems to a failure of the vehicle's main fuel tank pressurization system diffuser. Engineers redesigned the diffuser "to better direct pressurized gas into the main fuel箱 and substantially decrease the strain on the diffuser structure," SpaceX wrote in a report about the Flight 9 anomaly. SpaceX 详细研究了上述问题，诊断出原因并提出了修复方案。例如，该公司追溯到飞船 在第9次飞行的问题是由其主燃料箱增压系统的扩散器故障引起的。工程师们重新设计了 扩散器，「以更好地将加压气体导向主燃料箱，并大幅减轻扩散器结构的压力」，SpaceX 在一份关於第9次飞行异常的报告中写道。 Super Heavy's breakup on Flight 9 was likely caused by unexpectedly high forces on the booster's fuel transfer tube, which itself was the result of the higher "angle of attack" during descent, the company added. Future flights will reduce that angle to minimize the chance that the same problem will recur . 该公司补充说，超重型助推器在第9次飞行中解体可能是由助推器燃料传输管上意外的高 应力造成的，而这本身是下降过程中较高的「攻角」所导致的。未来的飞行将减少该角度 ，以将同样问题再次发生的可能性降到最低。 And the culprit of the June test-stand explosion was undetected damage to a composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) in Ship's payload bay section, according to SpaceX. (COPVs in that area contain nitrogen gas that's used by Ship's environmental control system.) 根据 SpaceX 的说法，6月测试台爆炸的罪魁祸首是飞船酬载舱中的复合材料包覆压力容 器（COPV）受到了未被发现的损坏。（该区域的 COPV 装有氮气，用於飞船的环境控制系 统。） "To address the issue, COPVs on upcoming flights will operate at a reduced pressure with additional inspections and proof tests added prior to loading reactive propellants onto a vehicle," the company wrote in the Flight 9 report , which also addressed the June explosion. "SpaceX has also updated its COPV acceptance criteria and developed a new non-destructive evaluation method to detect internal COPV damage." 该公司在第9次飞行报告中（也提及了6月的爆炸）写道：「为了解决这个问题，未来飞行 的 COPV 将在降低的压力下运行，并在向飞行器装载反应性推进剂之前增加额外的检查和 验证测试。」「SpaceX 还更新了其 COPV 验收标准，并开发了一种新的无损检测方法来 检测 COPV 内部损坏。」 An ambitious Flight 10 雄心勃勃的第10次飞行 The goals of Flight 10 were similar to those of Flight 9. Once again, SpaceX aimed to perform several experiments with Super Heavy, including a fuel- conserving controlled flip during descent and a landing burn that featured " unique engine configurations," according to company mission preview. 第10次飞行的目标与第9次类似。根据公司的任务预览，SpaceX 再次旨在对超重型助推器 进行多项实验，包括下降期间的节省燃料受控翻转，以及具有「独特引擎配置」的着陆点 火。 That all seemed to go according to plan today, as did Super Heavy's final move : It made a controlled splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico about seven minutes after launch, just as SpaceX drew it up. 今天这一切似乎都按计划进行了，超重型助推器的最後一个动作也是如此：它在发射後约 七分钟，按照 SpaceX 的设想，在墨西哥湾进行了受控溅落。 Ship came through today as well — and it had considerably more work to do. The upper stage separated from Super Heavy on time and achieved its desired suborbital trajectory. Then, during a five-minute stretch that began about 20 minutes after launch, Ship deployed eight dummy versions of SpaceX's Starlink internet satellites, a critical capability it tried but failed to demonstrate on all three of this year's previous Starship flights. 飞船今天也成功了——而且它有更多的工作要做。上层级准时与超重型助推器分离，并达 到了其预期的亚轨道轨迹。然後，在发射後约20分钟开始的五分钟时间里，飞船部署了八 颗 SpaceX Starlink 网际网路卫星的模拟版本，这是一项关键能力，在今年前三次星舰 飞行中都尝试但未能成功。 "Just a reminder, we're on a suborbital trajectory," SpaceX spokesperson Dan Huot said during live commentary. "These satellites on that exact same suborbital trajectory, they're going to burn up entirely." SpaceX 发言人 Dan Huot 在直播评论中说：「提醒一下，我们正处於亚轨道轨迹上。这 些卫星在完全相同的亚轨道轨迹上，它们将完全在大气层中燃烧殆尽。」 And there will be many satellite deployments from Ship in the future, if all goes to plan: SpaceX is counting on Starship to finish building out its Starlink megaconstellation, which is already the biggest satellite network ever assembled. The giant rocket should carry at least 60 Starlinks at a time, Huot said. 如果一切按计划进行，未来飞船将部署许多卫星：SpaceX 正在指望星舰完成其 Starlink 巨型星座的建设，该星座已经是有史以来最大的卫星网路。Huot 说，这艘巨型火箭一次 应该能携带至少60颗 Starlink 卫星。 Then, about 38 minutes into the flight, Ship briefly ignited one of its engines. This was another big milestone for SpaceX; such in-space re-lights will be needed on operational Starship flights, to help power the vehicles to their distant destinations and to guide them down to Earth for safe touchdowns and reuse. 然後，在飞行约38分钟後，飞船短暂地点燃了其一台引擎。这是 SpaceX 的另一个重要里 程碑；在星舰的运营飞行中，将需要这种太空中的重新点火，以帮助飞行器前往遥远的目 的地，并引导它们安全地降落地球并重复使用。 "Looks like we confirmed the relight of one of those center raptor engines second time we've done that," Lee said during live commentary. "Super exciting . Huge congrats to the team on this milestone." Lee 在直播评论中说：「看起来我们确认了其中一台中心猛禽引擎的重新点火，这是我们 第二次这麽做。」「超级令人兴奋。祝贺团队达成这一里程碑。」 "That was a cool light show," Huot added. Huot 补充道：「那是一场很酷的灯光秀。」 About 45 minutes after liftoff, Ship began its reentry to Earth's atmosphere, a violent ordeal that SpaceX made even more harrowing to push the vehicle to its limits. 在升空约45分钟後，飞船开始重返地球大气层，这是一个剧烈的考验，SpaceX 为了将飞 行器推向极限，使其变得更加艰难。 "A significant number of tiles have been removed from Starship to stress-test vulnerable areas across the vehicle during reentry," the company wrote in the Flight 10 mission preview. "Multiple metallic tile options, including one with active cooling, will test alternative materials for protecting Starship during reentry." 「我们从星舰上移除了大量瓷砖，以在重返大气层期间对飞行器上的脆弱区域进行压力测 试，」该公司在第10次飞行任务预览中写道。「多种金属瓷砖选项，包括一种带有主动冷 却的选项，将测试用於保护星舰在重返时的替代材料。」 Reentry took a toll on Ship. About two minutes in, a chunk of Ship's skirt — the basal part near its engine bay — broke apart, sending debris floating into the final frontier. 重返大气层对飞船造成了损耗。在重返约两分钟後，飞船裙部——位於引擎舱附近的底部 ——的一大块解体，将碎片送入最终边界。 "That's not what we want to see," Huot said."We've got some visible damage on the aft skirt. We're continue to re enter, though. Huot 说：「这不是我们想看到的。我们看到後裙部有一些明显的损坏。但我们仍在继续 重返。」 The Ship vehicle persevered, surviving in good enough shape to perform its planned landing burn and splashing down in the Indian Ocean as planned. 66.5 minutes after launch. And it was a bullseye landing: Ship came down within view of a buoy-mounted camera that SpaceX set up in the planned splashdown zone. 飞船坚持了下来，保持了足够好的状态，执行了预定的着陆点火，并在发射後66.5分钟按 计划在印度洋溅落。这是一次精准的着陆：飞船降落在 SpaceX 在预定溅落区设置的浮标 摄影机视野内。 All in all, it was a successful day for SpaceX and the Starship team — one that the company celebrated and will doubtless plan to build on going forward. 总而言之，对於 SpaceX 和星舰团队来说，这是成功的一天——公司庆祝了这一成就，并 无疑将计划在此基础上继续前进。 "We probably gave it a little bit of extra time in the oven, but made it all the way through reentry ... we promised maximum excitement. Starship delivered ," Huot said as he ticked off each of the Flight 10 milestones Starship nailed during the flight. "Time to go through the data. Really crazy cool to hit all those objectives today." Huot 在列举星舰在飞行中达成的所有第10次飞行里程碑时说：「我们可能让它在烤箱里 多待了一会儿，但它还是完成了整个重返过程......我们承诺会带来最大的兴奋。星舰做 到了。」「是时候去分析数据了。今天能达成所有这些目标，真是太棒了。」 心得/评论： Starship成功，後续NASA一堆计画终於可以推进了 近期最重要的计画之一 NASA的月球核电厂计画Fission Surface Power project 与美国能源部（Department of Energy, DOE） 及其爱达荷国家实验室（Idaho National Laboratory, INL）合作进行 为了实现这个目标， NASA 和能源部选出了三家公司，进行初步的核电厂设计开发。 这三家主要的公司及其合作夥伴如下： Lockheed Martin($LMT)：与 BWXT Advanced Technologies($BWXT)和 Creare 合作 ，共同设计一个可以在月球表面运行的小型核反应炉。 Westinghouse Electric Company (西屋电气)：与 Aerojet Rocketdyne 合作， 开发其版本的月球核能系统。 IX：这是 Intuitive Machines($LUNR) 和 Lunar Outpost 的合资企业，也获得了合约， 进行自己的核电厂设计。 --

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