川普下令对美国铜进口进行新的关税调查 https://is.gd/b2sFdh 路透 作者：David Lawder和Andrea Shalal 2025 年 2 月 26 日上午 7:39 概要： 1.商务部长卢特尼克：“是时候让铜回归本土了” 2.政府再次以国家安全为由 3.川普顾问认为中国的目标是主导铜市场 4.川普关税大招拖累股市与消费者信心 华盛顿 2 月 25 日（路透社）——唐纳德·特朗普总统周二在攻击全球贸易规范方面又开 辟了一条战线，下令对可能对铜进口徵收的新关税进行调查，以重建美国对电动汽车、军事 硬体、电网和许多消费品至关重要的金属的生产。 川普的顾问认为中国正试图主宰全球铜市场，为了阻止这一举动，川普在白宫签署命令，指 示商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克 (Howard Lutnick) 根据 1962 年《贸易扩展法》第 232 条 展开国家安全调查。 一位不愿透露姓名的白宫官员向记者表示，任何潜在的关税税率都将由调查结果决定，并补 充说，川普更喜欢关税而不是配额。 这是川普推翻数十年来企业对自由贸易的支持的最新举措。 自上个月就任白宫第二任期以来，他已发布了一系列关税命令。虽然对所有从中国进口的商 品仅徵收 10% 的新税，但对来自加拿大和墨西哥的商品徵收 25% 的关税将於下周生效，针 对钢铁、铝和机动车的其他关税也将随後生效或正在快速制定中。 川普的闪电战已经开始对消费者信心造成影响，在去年 11 月川普击败前总统拜登之後，由 於川普承诺降低生活成本，消费者信心最初大幅上升。周二早些时候，世界大型企业联合会 报告称，消费者信心出现三年半以来的最大降幅，家庭预计通膨将再次上升。 在铜价宣布之前，华尔街股市连续第四天下跌，主因是川普贸易政策的不确定性日益增加。 但在预期的赢家当中也有一些上涨的空间：全球最大的铜生产商、总部位於凤凰城的 Freep ort-McMoran (FCX.N)的股票，开启新分页盘後交易中上涨5%。该公司去年在美国生产了 12 .6 亿吨铜，但没有立即回应置评请求。 总部位於伦敦的安托法加斯塔（ANTO.L），开启新分页拒绝对川普的行动发表评论。该公司 正试图开发位於明尼苏达州价值 17 亿美元的 Twin Metals 铜镍矿，但由於担心水污染， 其矿产权在前总统拜登的政府领导下遭到封锁。 川普誓言放松企业监管以促进美国经济成长。 瞄准中国 白宫贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗表示，调查将「按照川普时间」迅速完成。 纳瓦罗表示，中国正在利用国家补贴和过剩产能来破坏竞争，并控制全球铜生产，就像现在 中国主导钢铁和铝生产一样。 尽管如此，根据美国人口普查局的数据，受美国新铜关税影响最大的国家将是智利、加拿大 和墨西哥，这三个国家是 2024 年精炼铜、铜合金和铜制品的最大供应国。 https://i.imgur.com/YIDSPK9.png 美国铜进口的主要来源 卢特尼克在白宫签署会议上表示：“与我们的钢铁和铝业一样，我们伟大的美国铜业也因全 球行为者攻击我们的国内生产而遭受重创”，他发誓要终止导致美国人失业的不公平贸易行 为。 他说：“美国工业依赖铜，所以铜应该在美国生产，没有豁免，没有例外。” “现在是铜 回家的时候了。” 白宫的一份情况说明书称，调查将评估美国对「各种形式」进口铜的依赖日益增加所带来的 国家安全风险，并引用数据显示，去年美国 45% 的铜消费依赖进口，较 20 世纪 90 年代 初大幅上升。 白宫官员表示，美国贸易代表办公室也参与了调查，调查内容包括进口原矿铜、铜精矿、铜 合金、废铜以及铜衍生产品。该官员拒绝透露任何具体衍生性商品，称这将影响调查的进行 。 该官员表示，由於对太阳能技术和全球电气化的需求增加，能源部将铜视为中期关键材料， 并指出铜是美国武器平台中第二广泛使用的材料。 需要更多产能 该官员表示，基於目前对电动车和高耗电人工智慧应用的需求，未来美国将出现铜短缺，除 非对该行业有合理的确定性长期贸易保护，否则美国无法发展足够的铜冶炼和精炼能力。 在周二的签署仪式上，卢特尼克还表示，川普政府将追究那些对谷歌、苹果和亚马逊等美国 科技公司徵收数位服务税的国家的责任。川普周五命令美国贸易代表办公室重启对这些税收 的关税调查。 卢特尼克说：“朋友和敌人都一直把美国科技公司当成我们的公司是他们的存钱罐。” “ 这一切现在就要结束了。我的目标是创造公平的竞争环境，终止这些袭击。” 原文： Summary： 1.Commerce chief Lutnick: "Time for copper to come home" 2.Administration again cites national security grounds 3.Trump advisers think China aims to dominate copper market 4.Trump tariff blitz weighs on stocks, consumer confidence WASHINGTON, Feb 25 (Reuters) - President Donald Trump opened yet another front o n Tuesday in his assault on global trade norms, ordering a probe into potential new tariffs on copper imports to rebuild U.S. production of a metal critical to electric vehicles, military hardware, the power grid and many consumer goods. Trump, looking to thwart what his advisers see as a move by China to dominate th e global copper market, signed an order at the White House directing Commerce Se cretary Howard Lutnick to start a national security probe under Section 232 of t he Trade Expansion Act of 1962. That is the same law Trump used in his first ter m to impose 25% global tariffs on steel and aluminum. A White House official, briefing reporters on condition of anonymity, said any p otential tariff rate would be determined by the investigation, adding that Trump preferred tariffs over quotas. The move is the latest by Trump to upend decades of business support for free tr ade that he railed against as both candidate and president for hollowing out the U.S. industrial base, an upheaval now aimed at long-time U.S. allies like Canad a and Mexico as well geopolitical adversaries like China. He has issued a cascade of tariff orders since taking up residency in the White House for a second term last month. While only a new 10% levy on all imports fro m China is in place, 25%duties on goods from Canada and Mexico are set to take e ffect next week and others aimed at steel, aluminum and motor vehicles will foll ow shortly afterward or are in fast-track development. Trump's blitz has begun to take a toll on consumer confidence, which had initial ly surged following his election victory in November over former President Joe B iden as Trump promised to bring down living costs. Earlier on Tuesday the Confer ence Board reported the largest drop in consumer confidence in three-and-a-half years, with households expecting a resurgence in inflation. Ahead of the copper announcement, stocks fell on Wall Street for a fourth straig ht day, a drop pinned on growing uncertainty about Trump policies on trade in pa rticular. But there were pockets of upside among perceived winners: Shares of the world's largest copper producer, Phoenix-based Freeport-McMoran (FCX.N), opens new tab s hot up 5% in after-hours trading. The company, which produced 1.26 billions of c opper in the U.S. last year, did not immediately respond to a request for commen t. London-based Antofagasta (ANTO.L), opens new tab declined to comment on Trump's action. The company is trying to develop the $1.7 billion Twin Metals copper and nickel mine in Minnesota, but saw its mineral rights blocked under former presi dent Biden's administration over water pollution concerns. Trump has vowed to ease regulations on businesses to boost U.S. economic growth. TARGETING CHINA White House trade adviser Peter Navarro said the investigation would be complete d quickly, "in Trump time." Navarro said China was using state subsidies and excess capacity to undermine co mpetition and gain control over global copper production, in much the same way i t now dominates steel and aluminum production. That said, the countries set to be most affected by any new U.S. copper tariffs would be Chile, Canada and Mexico, which were the top suppliers of refined coppe r, copper alloys and copper articles in 2024, according to U.S. Census Bureau da ta. "Like our steel and aluminum industries, our great American copper industry has been decimated by global actors attacking our domestic production," Lutnick said during the White House signing session, vowing to end unfair trade practices th at have put Americans out of work. "American industries depend on copper, and it should be made in America, no exem ptions, no exceptions," he said. "It's time for copper to come home." A White House fact sheet said the investigation would assess the national securi ty risks from growing U.S. dependence on imported copper "in all its forms," cit ing data showing the U.S. depended on imports for 45% of its copper consumption last year, up sharply from the early 1990s. The White House official said the investigation, which also includes the U.S. Tr ade Representative's office, would look at imports of raw mined copper, copper c oncentrates, copper alloy, scrap copper and derivative products made from the me tal. The official declined to identify any specific derivatives, saying that wou ld prejudge the investigation. The official said the Department of Energy recognized copper as a critical mater ial in the medium term due to increased demand for solar energy technologies and global electrification, noting that it was the second most widely used material in U.S. weapons platforms. MORE CAPACITY NEEDED The official said based on current demand for electric vehicles and power-hungry artificial intelligence applications, there will be a U.S. copper shortage in t he future, and the United States cannot develop adequate copper smelting and ref ining capacity unless there is a reasonable certainty of long-lasting trade prot ection for the sector. During Tuesday's signing, Lutnick also said the Trump administration would hold countries accountable for imposing digital services taxes on U.S. technology fir ms including Google, Apple and Amazon. Trump on Friday ordered USTR to revive ta riff investigations into these taxes. "Both friend and foe have been treating American tech companies, partially, as i f our companies are their piggy bank," Lutnick said. "This will now end. It is m y objective to level the playing field and end these attacks." 心得评论： 川普最新关税战又来了，继 4月（25%）：「汽车、半导体、晶片、药品、药物、木材」 3月12日（25%）：「钢铝关税全无豁免、涵盖下游成品」 3月4号（25%）：「加拿大、墨西哥」 之後，最新出炉的是铜关税研究中 Make America Inflation Again --

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