我不想提过多技巧或是用专有名词来让原PO更困惑， 所以直接来看一篇范文。英文作文变化很多， 初入门时建议还是先从经典的写法下手。 Bertrand Russell是诺贝尔文学奖得主，以下这篇文章 "What I have lived for"是他自传的前言，文笔优美， 人们争相传诵。而且结构也很明确，是作文的良好范本。 传统上，英文作文的结构被分成三大部分： Introduction Development (body) Conclusion 而五段式写作更是其中代表性的写法。 这篇范文是采用以下的结构： Introduction body paragraph 1 ─┐ │ body paragraph 2 ├── Body │ body paragraph 3 ─┘ conclusion 如果一篇essay能够依照这样模式写作， 那就能称得上是四平八稳，能大幅降低出错的机率。 切记：在下笔之前，务必先大致拟好各段落的内容。 What I have lived for 标题： 我为何而活 Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 首段，Introduction 这篇文章目的是探讨"为何而活"， 而作者在首段就直接给了一个明确的回覆。 Three passions, simply but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life. 这叫做thesis statement，文章的宗旨，也是文章最核心的部份。 这三种热情就是作者为何而活的原因，结合文章标题就变成： I have lived for three passions. 接着作者说明这三种热情： 1. the longing for love 2. the search for knowledge 3. unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind Introduction的关键就是提纲挈领 下面的Body的部份，作者紧接着分别讲述这三种热情。 --------------------------------------------------------------------- I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what-- at last--I have found. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第二段 Body paragraph 1 : the longing for love 如果仔细看这段落，又会发现这段落本身又有次结构： 1. because it brings ecstasy 2. because it relieves loneliness 3. because in the union of love I have... 这三点就是为何"the longing for love"会被作者列入三大热情的原因 然後在这段的最後一句，作者做了一个小结论。 所以这一段本身又可以视为五个小结构 Introduction : I have sought love body 1: because 1 body 2: because 2 body 3: because 3 conclusion: I have found love ----------------------------------------------------------------------- With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第三段： Body paragraph 2 : the search for knowledge 用同样的分析方法会发现，这段落里又有三个原因： 1. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. 2. I have wished to know why the stars shine. 3. I have tried to apprehend... 这段的最後一句也是作者的结论，所以这段内又含有小小的五段式结构。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 第四段： Body paragraph 3 : unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind 此段首先承继前两段，然後带出第三种热情: pity 作者先写道: Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. 接着作者举了各种例子，每一个都是属於"Echoes of cries of pain" 1. Children in famine 2. victims tortured by oppressors 3. helpless old people a burden to their sons 4. and the whole world of loneliness, poverty... 此段的结论是： I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. 所以各位就知道，文章的三个发展部各自内部又有较小的次单位， 而且一样遵循Introduction - Body - Conclusion 这样的结构。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第五段： Conclusion 最尾段的一开始是： This has been my life. 这一句话总结了前面各段，呼应文章标题"What I have lived for" 以及首段"Three passions...have governed my life"紧密结合。 作者也做出了评论： I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. 此篇文章虽然篇幅极短，但是内容几乎无可挑剔，各位不妨再细读一遍。 希望这样简单的介绍可以让各位稍微明白英文作文的写作方式。 --

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