指考的英文第一部分就是考单字， 通常补习班都会整理一些常考 容易搞混的单字， 例如： reject 拒绝 eject 逐出 inject 注射 deject 使沮丧 这种看起来差不多的单字，我发现常考在「单字」 和「克漏字」部分。 可惜一般学校老师没有整理， 只是教课本赶进度…唉～ 我自己高中至现在大学也有整理一些， 加上参考大陆高考(即大学联考)的一些教学文章， 整理了一些 学测、指考 常考的单字， 已教育部公布的七千字左右为限制，扣除一些较难的单字， 做成这张单字讲义。 现在我分享出来。我得申明我只是编辑整理而已。 学测加油！！！ ※ P.S. 网路上也有这方面的相关资源， 例如： http://www.wretch.cc/blog/SnoopyYang&article_id=25533524 以下大概有五十几页， WWW 版可以去看我朋友的网页 http://www.wretch.cc/blog/SnoopyYang&article_id=25542765 或是利用 转寄信箱。大写 F ★英文单字攻略★ 一、arise, rise, raise, arouse ▲ Rise v.i. 升起　(rose, risen) 　rise指具体事物的“上升”，“升起”，也是不及物动词。如：The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东边升起。） She rises before it is light. ▲Raise v.t. 举起 (raised ,raised) raise salary 调高薪水 raise hand, 举手 raise price 涨价 raise children养育小孩 She raised her voice in anger. ▲ arise v.i. 发生； 起源於(from ) (arose, arisen) arise表无形的东西（如困难，问题等）“出现”，“发生”。 Difficulties will arise as we do the work. ▲ Arouse v.t. 唤起 (aroused, aroused) 二、marry 结婚 v.t. 用法，不能说 marry with 某人 (1) get married to 某人 His oldest girl got married last month. (2) be married (结婚) How long have you been married? 三、alter， change 　　作不及物动词时，两者可通用。 　　作及物动词时，alter是对局部，表面的改变，而change则是对本质的，全面的，彻 底的改变。如：Can you alter the dress？ （你会改做这件衣服吗？）Can you change the dress？（你能给我更换这件衣服吗？） 四、.altogether， all together 　　altogether总计，总共。如：Altogether there are six of us. （我们总计六人。 ） 　　all together 全都在一起。如：We played the game all together. （我们大家都 一起来玩游戏吧。） 五、amaze， astonish， surprise 　　都可作及物动词，意思相近，一般都是以事物作主语，人称作宾语。 　　amaze强调“使惊讶”，有时还有“惊叹”，“佩服”等意。 　　astonish表示“使大吃一惊”，“几乎使人无法相信”之意。 　　surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。 六、among， between 　　among 在……中间（三者或三者以上之间）。如：Our house is hidden among trees. 　　between在两者之间。如：It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese. 七、.announce， declare 　　announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情，含有预告的意味。如：The government announced that they would pay their debts. （政府宣布将偿还债务。） 　　declare指正式负责地宣布，声明，通常用於庄重的场合。如：The judge declared him guilty.（法官宣布他有罪。） 八、.annoy， bother， trouble， disturb 　　annoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受，或指某人故意去妨碍别人。 　　bother打扰，麻烦，指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如：May I trouble you with a few questions？ 　　disturb打扰，扰乱，指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏，精力一时不能集中。如 ：I am sorry to disturb you. 九、answer， reply， respond 　　用作动词，都可表“回答”，“答复”。 　　answer是常用词，後可接letter（回信），question（回答问题），doorbell（开门 ），telephone（接电话），advertisement（应徵广告）等。 　　reply较正式，一般只作不及物动词，可与to连用。如：He has replied to my letter.（他回答了我信中提的问题。） 　　respond作“回答”解，用得较少，也同to 搭配。如：He quickly responded to the question. （他很快就回答了问题。） 另外，respond还可表“对……反应”，“回应”。 十. assure， ensure， insure 　　assure以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生，後需连用人称代词或指人的名 词作宾语。 　　ensure表普通的“保证”。 　　insure表“保险”，有时同ensure可以换用。 十一、awake， wake， waken 都可作动词。 　　awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用於比喻。 　　wake常指“睡醒”，多为不及物动词。 　　waken多用作及物动词，常指“吵醒”，“惊醒”。 十一、await， wait 　　await是及物动词。如：I await your further instructions. 　　wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物动词，後常接介词for.如：I will wait for you at the school gate. 十二、award， prize， reward 　　award， reward作动词。award意为“授予（奖品，奖金等）”，後面可跟双宾语； reward意为“报酬”，“酬谢”，只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。 　　award， prize， reward作名词时，award常指奖金，奖品；prize多指在竞赛、竞争 中获胜所赢得的奖；reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。 十三、base， basis 　　base表事物的下部的底部，多用於具体事物。 　　basis多用於比喻，主要指命题的基础。如：His ideas have no basis in reality. （他的意见缺乏现实基础。） 十四、beat， win 　　beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手，後接对手作宾语。 　　Win作及物动词时，其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如：He has won the race.（他赢得了赛跑的胜利。） 　　43. beneath， below， under 　　beneath表示同表面接触，与on 相对。Below表示“在下面，低於”，与above相对。 　　under表示“在……正下方”与over相对。 十五、beside， besides 　　beside在……旁边。如：Come and sit beside me. 　　besides除……之外。如：I have two other umbrellas besides this one. 十六、borrow， lend 　　borrow借入。如：Can I borrow your pen for a moment？ 　　lend把……借给。如：Can you lend me your bike？ 十七、bring， take 　　bring带来。如：Bring me some water， please. 　　take拿走。如：Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her？ 十八、inject★object★objective★reject★project★subject★subjective inject〓(往里投)v.注射、打针，注入（新想法、感情）。 计画、专案 n. ◎I hope the new teacher can inject some life into that class. 我希望新的老师能给那个班级注入一些活力 ◎inject a remark into the conversation插嘴 object〓（偏离投掷）反对v. 物体、目标 n. ◎I’ll go ahead if no one objects 要是无人反对我就继续进行 ◎I object against him that he is too young for the position. 我反对他，是因为他不适合这个职位 objective〓adj.客观的 目标n. ◎The reporter gave an objective analysis of the political situation.这个记者 对政治形势做了客观的分析 reject〓(往回投掷)v.断然拒绝（一个计画、建议），引申为排斥 次品n. ◎The techers voted to reject the government’s pay offer. 教师投票表决，拒绝接受政府提出的工资议案 project〓（往前投掷）v.突出、投射，放映，预计。 Projector投影仪 ◎They are projecting a new factory. ◎Pictures of earthquake were projected on a screen. 地震的画面被投射到了萤幕上 ◎The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.阳台从房子的墙壁上突出 来。 ◎The government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20% .政府预 计国防预算将增长百分之二十。 [相关搭配] project…on把……投射到 subject〓（向下投掷）使服从、易遭受/征服v. 主题、学科、臣民 n. [相关搭配] subject sb to sth使某人遭受不愉快之事 ◎He subjected us to unpleasant walks in the cold. 他让我们在寒风中散步 subject to取决於 ◎Our plans may change subject to the weather. subjective〓adj.主观的 ◎This is a very subjective judgment of her abilities 这是对她的能力一个非常主观的判断 十九、consistent, constant, continual, continuous 　　consistent一致的，符合的。如：His action is always consistent with his words. 　　constant不断的，表示持续和惯常的重现，往往没有变化。如：He attributes his health to his constant exercise. 　　continual频频的，不停的，时断时续，中间可有间歇。如：Continual smoking is bad for health. 　　continuous不断延伸的，连续不断的，强调中间无间断。如：Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change. 二十、sense★senseless★sensible★sensibly★sensitive★sentimental★sensation ★sensational★sensuous★sensual sense〓n.感觉，感官,有道理的 ◎When you have a cold,you sometimes lose your sense of smell. [相关搭配] a sense of direction方向感 a sense of humour幽默感 make sense of/out of sth理解某事物 in a sense/in one sense在某种意义上 talk sense/talk nonsense说话有道理/说话没道理 there’s no sense in没有道理 ◎there’s on sense in going by boat when the plane is just as cheap and much quicker. 乘船去是没道理的，因为坐飞机是又便宜有快。 senseless〓愚笨的，无目的的，不省人事的 sensible〓adj.有知觉的，可感知的；明智的,通情达理的。 ◎The patient was speechless but still sensible. 病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。 ◎It is sensible of you to leave this company you can easily find a position in a large one. ◎a sensible wife [相关搭配]be sensible of 觉察到 sensibly〓adv.通情达理地 ◎You acted very sensibly. sensitive〓adj.敏感的。反义词insensitive sensibility n. ◎This film is sensitive to light.这种胶片对光很敏感。 sentimental〓adj.多愁善感的，感伤的。 ◎The novel has scenes full of love and loss，it is so sentimental! 这部小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合，真是感伤啊！ sensation〓n.激动，轰动，耸人听闻 ◎The opera has been a great sensation nationwide. 这部歌剧在全国范围内引起了轰动！ sensational〓adj.耸人听闻的，令人激动的。 ◎I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我听到一个耸人听闻的 故事：十岁女孩做妈妈。 sensuous〓adj.舒服的 ◎The cat stretched itself with sensuous pleasure. 猫猫舒服的伸展身体。 sensual〓adj.性感的 二十一、effect★effective★effectual★efficient★efficiency effect〓n.结果、影响 ◎The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales. 这个广告对销售额并未起多大的作用。 [相关搭配] in effect有效，在实施 ◎The rules will remain in effect untill October. 这些条例到10月份为止仍然有效。 Come into effect生效 ◎The rules will come into effect on Monday. 若effects则表示“财物”的意思 effective〓adj.有效果的（产生预期的）。反义词ineffective ◎The mayor took effective measures to settle this problem. 市长采取了有效措施解决这一问题。 effectual〓adj.[正式]收效的，奏效的。反义词ineffectual efficient〓adj.有效率的。反义词inefficient ◎Taking bicycle is four times as efficient as walking. 骑自行车的效率是步行的4倍。 ◎She is a quick,efficient worker. efficiency〓n.功效，效率 二十二、tribute★attribute★contribute★distribute tribute〓n.贡献、礼物、称赞 ◎pay tribute to……向……表示敬意 attribute〓attribute……to把……归功於，把……咎於 ◎attribute one’s success to good luck. ◎He attribute it to working hard. contribute〓v. 捐献，捐助，贡献,有助於；投稿 contribute to doing/sth为……做贡献，有助於 ◎Contribute some money to the Red Cross. ◎I’m sure you suggestion will contribute to soloving the problem. 我确信你的建议有助於解决这个问题。 ◎How much does each worker contribute to the products he is making? 每个工人对他所生产的产品有多大的贡献？ distribute〓vt. 分发，分配，分布 distribute sth to ◎distribute the apples to the childrens. 二十三、live★lively★alive★living live〓 要考的话即考adj./adv.词性◎现场直播的，有生命的。只能做定语，用於修饰物 。 ◎a live broad-cast现场直播 be broad-cast live 以现场直播的方式 Live fish [相关搭配] live off依赖 live on 以……为生 ◎For a time,they had to live on wild fruit.(野果) live out 活过，活出（梦想） live out one’s dream live through 度过，经受住 live up to 遵守（诺言） live with与……在一起生活/忍受 lively〓 有生气的，鲜明的，生动的，活泼的。 [构词法]n.+ly=adj. 另外如lovely可爱的 ◎She is as lively as a bird . alive〓 活的，有效力的，活动的。 表语adj. 另外还有类似於awake/alike/asleep等等都是表语adj. 只能做表语，用於修饰 人。 [相关搭配] be alive to注意到 be alive with充满/因……而活沃…… come alive变得有趣、活跃起来 ◎He is the greatest man alive. living〓 活着的，逼真的，强烈的。既可以做表语又可以做定语，既可以修饰人又可以 修饰物 ◎She is the living image of her grandma. A living language仍在使用的语言 真题演练〓The football game comes to you from New York. A) live B) lively C) alive D) living 译文：你收看的（美式）足球比赛是从纽约现场直播的。答案是A。 二十四、arise ★rise★ raise ★arouse arise〓产生，出现。等於appear/come up/turn up 过去式、过去分词的表现形式：arose,arisen [相关搭配]arise from 由……引起 arise out of 由……产生 ◎New difficulties are constantly arising as we do the work. 当我们做这项工作的时候，新的困难不断产生了。 rise 〓上升(强调从低位置到高位置)。反义词：fall 过去式、过去分词的表现形式：rose,risen ◎The sun rises in the east. I rose from my seat. The price of bread has risen by 10% in the last year. [相关搭配]rise above sth 克服、摆脱 ◎She was able to rise above the disadvantages of her family background.(不利 的家庭背景) rise to the occation应付自如 raise〓1、提高（强调将某物提升至比较高的位置） ◎We raised the ship from the seabed(海底)。 ◎raise someone’s hopes唤起某人的希望（通常指不能实现的） ◎raise your voice. ◎raise yourself to your full height 站得笔直 2、抚养/饲养=bring up(raise cattle,raise children) 3、种植 4、筹集(raise funds 筹措资金) [帮助记忆]“抚养”即“长高”，“筹集”即“增加” arouse〓 唤醒，引起，激起。 ◎His behavior aroused suspicion. ◎Aroused from a deep sleep,he was rather short tempered.他从熟睡中被叫醒，显 得相当恼火。 区分〓arise与rise为vi. arouse为vt. Rise为具体的含义 arise/arouse为抽象的含义 真题演练〓 A completely new situation will when the examination system comes into existence. A) arise B) rise C) raise D) arouse 这种考试制度一旦出现，将会出现一个崭新的局面。答案是A。 Our hopes and fell in the same instant. A) arose B) raised C) rose D) aroused 一瞬间我们的希望升起又落下了。答案是C。 二十五、attain★obtain★pertain★retain★contain★maintain★sustain★detain★ abstain attain〓vi.(attain to)/vt.到达、获得（经过努力而成功）；成就attainment ◎He attained the position of company director 他终於当上了公司董事。 ◎Is there someone in your whose character or achievements have inspired you to attain certain goals in life? 在你的一生中是否有这样一个人，他的性格或成就鼓舞你去达到你生命中的某些目标？ obtain〓获得、得到 ◎To obtain the funds it needed to make these loans. 我们需要这些贷款并获得资金 pertain〓属於，关於 retain〓保留，保持 ◎She sold everything retaining only a few pieces of furniture. 她只留了几件家俱，其余的东西都卖了 ◎She retains a clear memory of the days they spent togeter. 她对他们一起度过的日子仍有清晰的记忆 contain〓容纳，包含；容器、集装箱container n. ◎this bottle contains enouh water for all of us. maintain〓保持，保养，坚持 ◎It costs a lot of money to maintain an old house. ◎Such games maintain their fascination（吸引力） to people. sustain〓（愿意是支撑）使某人维持（强壮、活力） ◎A good breakfast will sustain us through the day. Sustainable可持续的 Sustainable grow / Sustainable development detain〓（正式）耽搁、阻止、扣留 ◎I mustn’t detain you ,I know you’re very busy. abstain〓戒除 ◎Jack was abvised to abstain from alcohol for a few days. 杰克被劝告戒酒几天。 [连接记忆] attain到达◎obtain获得◎pertain属於◎retain保留保持◎contain容纳◎maintain保养 坚持◎sustain维持◎detain耽搁阻止◎abstain戒除 二十六、preserve★reserve★conserve★deserve★observe preserve〓vt.保存，保养，保鲜◎Preserve eggs/one’s eyesight ◎The Ancient Egyptians knew how to preserve dead bodies from decay. 古埃及人懂得如何保存屍体不腐烂。 ◎The social activities can preserve old people from the loneliness of old age. 这些社会活动可以使老人免于老年的孤独感 reserve〓vt.保存，预定，预留（强调未使用） reservoir 水库 ◎Reserve the first for the lesders. ◎Reserve a ticket ◎I need to reserve a seat on the plane. conserve〓保存，保护（某物不浪费）conservation n. conservative保守的/保守的人 ◎conserve your energy!（精力） deserve〓vt.应该得到，值得 ◎You’ve been working all morning,you deserve a rest. ◎She deserved to win. ◎I don’t deserve you !我配不上你！ ◎You deserve it!你活该！ [相关搭配] ◎Deserve doing应受…… ◎Deser well/ill of应/不应受到好的对待…… observe〓观察，注意到 [习题演练] We’d like to a table for five for dinner this evening. A.preserve B.retain C.reserve D.sustain 答案选C。 二十七、tend★intend★pretend★contend★extend★attend tend〓 [tender adj.（指人）温柔的，（指物）嫩的，柔软的] 1.趋势 [相关搭配]tend to do 往往做某事 ◎It tends to rain here a lot in spring. 2. 照料，照看 ◎The nurses tended to the soldiers’ wounds. ◎Tend the cattle/the store intend〓（往里有趋势）打算做 [相关搭配]intend to do ◎He didn’t intend to cause so much unhappiness. 他并没有打算弄得不高兴 ◎Some people believe that nature intended men and women to different contributions to society. 一些人相信大自然要让男人和女人为社会做不同的贡献。 pretend〓假装 ◎She pretended she didn’t know me when I passed her in the street. 当我在街上走经过她身边的时候她假装不认识我 contend〓（一起有趋势）竞争vi.+against sb/with sb ◎They are contending with each other for the party leadership. 他们在相互竞争党的领导权 extend〓（向外有趋势）延伸 extension n.延伸出的范围 ◎The hot weather extended into October. 炎热的天气要持续到10月份。 attend〓 vi. attend to 1.关注 2.处理=deal with vt. 出席 ◎I have an urgent matter to attend to . 我有一件急事需要处理 二十八、sure★assure★ensure★insure★reassure★measure sure〓adj.1. 确信的，肯定的 2. 一定的，必然的3. 可靠的，稳当的 [相关搭配] for sure 确切地，肯定 make sure 查明，务必 sure enough 果然，毫无疑问 assure〓vt.向……保证；使确信（以十分肯定的口气向别人保证某事一定发生） assurance n. 保证，确定，断言 [相关搭配]assure of sth/that ◎Our clients are assured of a trouble_free holiday. 我们保证顾客一定能有一个无忧无虑的假期。 ensure〓vt. 保证，确保（确保某种行动的结果一定发生） ◎We need to change the law to ensure fair treatment for all people. 我们需要改变法律，确保所有人得到公平待遇。 ◎ensure sb’s honesty. insure〓 vt.给……保险以防 insurance 保险（费）n. ◎life insurance 人寿保险， ◎insurance company 保险公司 reassure〓 v.使……安心，使……放心 ◎His boss reassured him that his work was satisfactory. 他的老板让他放心，说他的工作是令人满意的 measure〓v.测量，计量，记录 ◎His tailor is measuring him for a new suit. 他的裁缝在给他量体裁新衣。 [assure和ensure的区别]〓 ◎The doctor assured him that his child would recover from his illness. ◎To ensure the child’s quick recovery,the doctor gave him an antibiotic. [assure和insure的区别]〓 ◎He insured his house against fire for ten million yuan. 二十八、expel★dispel★impel★compel★repel★propel “-pel”表示“推动，驱使” expel〓（向外推）驱逐，开除，赶出 ◎Six American diplomats have already been expelled. 六个美国外交官已被驱逐出境 ◎I was expelled from school for smoking. dispel〓驱散，消除 ◎His calm words dispelled our fears. 他那镇定自若的话消除了我们的忧虑 impel〓（向里推）（思想或情感上）驱使，激励某人 ◎He felt impelled to write to the paper about it. 他觉得非给报社写信反映此事不可 [相关搭配]impel sb to do sth.激励某人做某事； compel〓强迫某人做某事，胁迫，迫使。 ◎An excellent director will not compel abedience from his subordinates. 一个优秀的主管不会强迫下属服从（自己） ◎My father compelled us to stay indoors. ◎compel sb to one's will强迫人服从自己 repel〓（向回推）排斥 ◎The smell repels me.这气味使我感到厌恶 二十九、 salary★pay★payment★income★wages★fee★earnings★proceeds★revenue★charge ★tariff★toll★fund★funds★tuition salary〓每月由公司存入个人帐户的薪水（尤指专业人士） ◎I get a good salery. pay〓工资一般用词 [相关搭配]in the pay of 被（某人）雇佣 payment〓支付、付款 ◎I enclose a cheque in payment of my account. 我附上一张支票以支付帐款。 income〓较长时期内的收入，可为工资，也可为房租等（常指个人的） ◎Low-income families need government help. wages〓以现金支付的周薪（尤指手工劳工者） fee〓小费（为特殊服务支付） earnings〓工资、薪水 proceeds〓（销售事件活动的）收入、收益 revenue〓（国家的）税收，（公司的）收入 charge〓价格、费用、收的费 ◎What are the charges like in that hotel. [相关搭配]free of charge 免费 tariff〓（进口货物）关税 toll〓（道路、桥梁的）通行费、使用费 fund〓基金、专款 funds〓资金 ◎We’re having a dance to raise funds the new swimming-pool. tuition〓特指学费 [真题演练]〓 1、As is know to all,.a country gets a(an) from taxes. A.income B.revenue C.fund D.payment 选择B 2.The government has decided to reduce on all imports. A.fee B.charge C.tariff D.tuition 选择C 二十九、constitute★compose★comprise★make up★consist constitute〓组成，构成constitution n.宪法，构成 compose〓be composed of由（不同的几个部分）组成 ◎Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen。 水是由氢和氧组合而成的。 ◎The price system is a very complex network composed of all the products. 价格系统是一个由所有商品组成的复杂网路。 comprise〓包括，由……组成 ◎The school staff（教职员工） comprises ten teachers. ◎Women teachers comprise 15% of the teaching staff. 女教师占教师总数的15% make up〓组成构成（某事物） ◎Society is made up of lots of different groups of people. consist〓consist of sth 组成 *永远无被动形式，必须前面是整体，後面接个体 ◎The city of New York consists of five boroughs.（行政区） ◎Each material of the course consists of an introduction and a text. 这个课程每份材料都由一个引言与正文组成 三十、abstract★attract★distract★contract★extract★retract★subtract “ -tract”表示拖、拉；tractor拖拉机 abstract〓v.提取出 adj.抽象的 n.（文章的）摘要 “abs-”做首码表示“抽取” ◎Abstract some mineralout（矿物质） of ore（矿石）. ◎Beauty itself is abstract.美本身就是抽象 [相关搭配]in the abstract抽象地，理论上 attract〓vt.吸引（某人） n. attraction ◎She was attracted by his smile ◎Attract attention. distract〓（使）分散注意力，（使）散心，快乐 ◎She was distracted fromher work by the noise outside. ◎I took YY out for the day to distract himself. 我带丫丫出去消遣了一天。 contract〓vi.收缩挤压，（使）相互牵制，订立合同 n.合同 ◎Metal contracts as it becomes cool. 金属冷却时会收缩。 extract〓vt.（费力地）抽取，摘录 n.截选 ◎She extracted some papers from the file. ◎He has extracted out of that pamphle a few notorious falsehoods. 他从那本小册子上摘录了几条臭名昭着的谎言。 retract〓收回，撤退 ◎I would like to my previous remark. 我要收回我说过的话。 ◎YY retracted his claws when I screamed. 当我尖叫一声，丫丫收回了他那小爪子。 subtract〓减去 n. subtraction ◎subtract……from从……中减去 三十一、 translate★transaction★transcend★transcription★transfer★transform★ transient★transmit★transparent★transpire★transplant★transport★transition translate〓v.1. 翻译 2. 解释，说明 3. 使变成，转变为 translation n.译文 translator n.翻译者 口译interpret ◎The book was translated from French into English. 这本书有法语译成英语 ◎A politician should translate ideas into action. 政治家应该把政治观点付诸实践。 ◎The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior. 携带这些大陆的板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地阐述出来，但一个板块相对另一板块的 运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对於地球内部的运动。 transaction〓n. 1. 交易 2. 处理，办理之事 transcend〓vt.[文]超越， 胜过（界限） ◎The wish for peace transcended political differences. 人们对和平的愿望超过了政治上的分歧 transcription〓n.讲话的，文字记录，抄写， 抄本 transfer〓vt.调动，转换，迁移 [相关搭配]transfer sb from A to B ◎The office was transferred from Belfast to Dublin. 办事处从贝尔法斯迁至都柏林 ◎The money will be transferred to your account. transform〓vt. 1. 彻底改变（形状、外表、性质）2. 改造，变革3. 转换， [相关搭配]transform from A into B 从A状态转变为B状态 ◎The area of wasteland was transformed into a park. ◎New work and new encironment transformed his character. ◎I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “ having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. 我已从一个“获得一切”哲学（琳达‧凯茜过去七年中在《她》这本杂志所宣扬的）的狂 热支持者，变成了一个知足常乐的女人。 transient〓adj.短暂的 transmit 〓vt. 1. 传送，传递(电信号、资讯、新闻) 2. 传播，传染 transmission传播 ，传布n. ◎transmit a disease/news ◎How is the disease transmitted? transparent〓adj.1. 透明的 2. 显然的 ◎Glass is transparent. ◎His honesty was transparent. ◎Connected to a wave-front sensor that tracks and measures the course of a laser beam into the eye and back, the aluminum mirror detects the deficiencies of the cornea, the transparent protective layer covering the lens of the human eye. 铝镜连接着一个波前感测器◎它跟踪和测量进出眼睛的雷射光束的光程◎可以发现角膜( 覆盖在眼睛晶状体上的透明保护层)的缺陷。 transpire〓v.1. （晚些时候）泄露，渐被人知 2、发生 ◎It later transpired that the minister had lied about the money in parliament. 人们後来知道部长在国会上就那笔款项撒了谎。 ◎Let’s wait and see what transpires. 我们等着瞧会发生什麽 transplant 〓v.1. 移植(苗，皮肤等) 2. 移民，迁移3.运输 n.器官的移植手术 ◎He was undergo a heart transplant. transport〓v.传送，运输 n.运输 ◎The transport goods by air is very costly. ◎I’d like to go to the concert,but I’ve no transport. transition〓转变、过度 ◎We hope there will be a peaceful transition to the new system. 我们希望能和平过度到新的制度 【习题演练】 American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised from the United States. A.transfer B.deliveries C.transportation D.transmissions 选D。 三十三、infuse★confuse★profuse★defuse★refuse★diffuse★transfuse “fuse”做词根代表“导”的意思 infuse〓灌输、输入 infusion n. ◎an infusion of ideas.心思想的灌输 confuse〓使迷惑，使混淆vt. confusion n. ◎So many questions confuse me. ◎Stop trying to confuse matters and listen! 别把事情弄乱，好好听着！ ◎I’m always confusing John with his twin brother. 【In confusion】处於混乱状态 profuse〓adj.大量的 ◎She offered her profuse thanks.她再三道谢 defuse〓vt.平息怒火，拆除爆炸 ◎The expert defused the bomb just in time. ◎Defuse a situation. refuse〓拒绝，谢绝 （reject断然拒绝） ◎He asked her to marry him but she refused. ◎The refused me an extension of my visa. diffuse〓（正式）传播、散布 transfuse〓移注 transfusion n. ◎transfuse blood to 输血 ◎The driver had to have a blood transfusion after the accident. press★compress★depress★express★impress★oppress★suppress press〓vt.压迫,压，按 n.报刊，出版社 pressure n.压力 pressing adj.紧急的，急切的 【press on】加紧进行 ◎press conference 记者招待会 ◎To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. 为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极推进对於大气和海洋的深入研究。 compress〓vt.压缩，压紧 compression n. ◎we can compress air. ◎He comoressed his idea into one sentence. depress〓vt. (sb)使沮丧，使低沉;(econemy)使萧条，不景气 depression n.沮丧;萧条，经济萧条时期 ◎Bad weather always depress me. ◎A rise on oil prices depresses the car market. ◎The threat of war has pressed business activity. 战争的威胁使经济萧条。 express〓vt.表示，表达 expression n.措辞，表达，表情 ◎I can’t express how grateful I am. ◎Express yourself 表达自己的感情 impress〓vt.(sb)给某人以印象(sth)给某物以刻痕 impression n.印象impressive adj.感人的，给人深刻印象的 【impress sth on/upon one’s mind】把……印在脑子里 【impress sb with】给某人留下……印象 ◎The scenery is strongly impressed on my mind. ◎I’m very impressed with the scenery. oppress〓vt.压迫，压制（某人），使（某人）担心、难过 ◎The threat of war oppressed us all. suppress〓vt.压制，镇压(sb);取缔(sth)=repress(侧重压抑感情) ◎She smiled,suppressing her anger. ◎Armed opposition to the government was quickly suppressed. 三十四、perceive★deceive★conceive★receive perceive〓感觉到，察觉（某事物），理解认为 perception n. ◎a growing perception. ◎He perceived that he was unwelcome and left. ◎I couldn’t perceive any difference between the two sounds. ◎The new tax is perceived as an attack on the poor. 新税法被认为是对穷人发起攻击。 deceive〓欺骗 deception n. ◎He decieived her from their first meeting. 他第一次见面就欺骗了她。 ◎deceive sb. with fair words 用花言巧语欺骗某人 ◎He that once deceives is ever suspected. [谚]骗人一次, 受疑一世。 conceive〓想像出，想出主意 conception n.=concept ◎I have no ceonception of ……对……义务所知，不懂 ◎It’s difficult to conceive of living without electricity. 很难想像生活中没有电会是什麽样子 ◎Scientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s. 科学家在二十世纪三十年代首次有了原子弹的构想。 receive〓收到/收据；招待 ;经受，遭受 reception n. ◎Did you receive my letter? ◎During the fight ,he received a blow on the head. ◎receive an invitation/a letter from sb. 接到某人的邀请函[信] [receive与accept ] receive 着重“行为本身” accept着重“接受者经过考虑以後愿意接受”, I accepted the invitation.我接受邀请 。 三十五、 accident★incident★coincide★event★affair★occurrence accident〓n.1.事故 2. 意外，偶然的事 accidental adj.意外的，偶然的 ◎Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. 公司因此感到了威胁，便做出了反应，写出越来越长的警示标识语，力图预先标明种种可 能发生的事故。 [by accident偶然] ◎We met by accident. incident〓n.1.琐事，事件(比event小而不重要的事)2. 大事、突发事件 incidence n.发生率 incidentally 顺便说，顺便提及 ◎the incidence of a disease 发病率 ◎I must go now,Incidentally,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.我现在必须走了，顺便提一句，如果你要那本书，我下次带来。 ◎Last year Japan experienced 2125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. 去年日本发生了2125起校园暴力事件，其中包括929起袭击老师事件。 coincide〓vi. 1. 与……相一致，相符 2. 同时发生，巧合 coincidence n. 1. 巧合，巧事 2. 一致，符合 coincident adj.同时发生的；巧合的 2. 一致的；相符合的 ◎What a coincident! 真巧！ ◎Can this merely be coincidence One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. 这仅仅是巧合吗？按字母表顺序排名靠後的人在享受闲暇时光时凭空想出一种理论，认为 这种倒楣事老早就开始了。 event〓事件，比赛项目 ◎current events时事 ◎track events /field events 径赛、田赛 ◎The article discusses the course of events leading up to her death. 那篇文章讨论了导致她死亡的一系列事件发展的过程 【in the event最终，终於=eventully】 【in the event of万一】 affair〓事件、桃色事件 occurrence〓事件，事情 ◎What a strange occurrence!多麽奇怪的事情！ 三十六、 assist★consist★insist★resist★persist assist〓v. 援助，帮助（比help正式）assistance n.协助，援助 assistant n. 助手，助理 adj. 辅助的，助理的 【assist sb with sth 】 【come to someone’s assistance説明某人】 ◎Two nurses assisted the doctor in performing the operation. ◎Our organization needs more financial assistance. consist〓consist of sth 组成consist in 在於，存在於 consistent adj.始终如一的，一致的 *永远无被动形式，必须前面是整体，後面接个体 ◎The city of New York consists of five boroughs.（行政区） ◎Each material of the course consists of an introduction and a text. 这个课程每份材料都由一个引言与正文组成 ◎Happiness consists in freedom.幸福在於自由 insist〓 v. 坚持，坚决主张 insistence n. insisten adj. 【insist on】 【if you insist如果你一定要（同意但并非真的想做）】 ◎I insisted that he was mistaken. ◎She insisited on her innocence. 她坚持她是无罪的 ◎Ok,Ok,I’ll ask my father about it ,if you insist. ◎The government is insistent that industry should be more competitive.政府坚 持工业应该更有竞争力。 resist〓v. 抵抗，反抗 resistance n.抵抗，阻力 resistant adj. ◎He resists any kind of change. ◎Resist the temptatain. ◎There was a lot of resistance to the plan. ◎Many teachers are resistant to new ideas. 很多教师抵制新思想。 persist〓vi.坚持，持续 persistence n.坚持（多用於贬义）persitence of a disease顽疾 【送大家两个好句子，丫头超喜欢】 If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend , experience as your reference , prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry.如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友、以经验为参谋、以谨慎为兄弟、以希望为哨 兵。 I persist,therefor I am. 我坚持，故我在！ 三十七、 claim★exclaim★acclaim★reclaim★proclaim★declaim claim〓vt.要求，索赔,声称，主张 n. ◎None of the passengers claimed the suitcase. 没有人来认领这只箱子。 ◎Old people are able to claim a special heating allowance from the government.老年人可以向政府索取一笔特别的暖气津贴。 ◎Some experts claim the answer to manke workers more productivity is to make jobs more varied. 一些专家声称，工作多样化能使工人提高生产率。 【lay claim to 生成对……有权利】 ◎Five Asian countries lay claim to the islands. 五个亚洲国家都声称这些岛是自己的领土。 exclaim〓v.呼喊，惊叫 exclamation n.感叹，惊叹 ◎The moment Samaranch announced that the 2008 Olympics goes to the city of Beijing,all Chinese people exclaimed in delight. 萨马兰奇宣布，2008年奥运会将在北京举行的那一刻，所有中国人都高兴地欢呼起来！ ◎an exclamation mark惊叹号 acclaim〓v.欢呼，喝彩，称赞 n.喝彩 ◎The new drug has been acclaimed as the most important discovery for years. 这种新药被公认是近年来最重大的发现。 reclaim〓vt. 要求归还，收回；开垦 ◎I want to reclaim some of the tax I paid last year. 我想要退回去年交纳的全部税款。 ◎This land reclaimed from the sea. 这片地是填海开拓的。 proclaim〓vt.宣布，声明 proclamation n. ◎Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.” 霍夫斯塔特说，掌握我们国家教育体系的人“沾沾自喜地、霸气十足地公然宣称敌视才学 ，迫不及待地认同那些看来在才智方面最难造就的孩子。” ◎A national holiday was proclaimed. 宣布全国放假一日。 declaim〓v. 1.巧辩 2.(激昂地)演说 3.朗读4.谴责 acquire★inquire★require 词根“quire”表示“问、求” acquire〓vt.（通过不断地问、求而）获得。 ◎She has acquired a good knowledge of English. ◎I managed to acquire two tickets for the concert. 【近义比较】 obtain指通过很长时间很大努力获得期望已久的东西 gain比obtain还要付出更大努力，因此常做“赢得”讲。 inquire〓询问，查询。inquiry n. 【相关搭配】 inquire sth of sb 询问 inquire about/upon 查问 inquire after (one’s health) 问候 inquire into 调查 ◎He inquired of all that were present. ◎I inquired of him about the way to the station. ◎The authorities are inquiring into the cause of the power failure. 当局正在调查这起停电事故的原因。 require〓vt.需要；要求。requirement n. ◎We require extra help. [require doing/to be done需要；require sth of sb/of sb要求] 三十八、economy★economic★economical★economically★economics★economist★ economize economy〓n. 经济；节约，节省 ； ◎We have to practice economy if we want to save enough money for a holiday.如 果我们想存够钱去度假，我们就必须节俭。 ◎In a long run ,it is an economy to buy good quality goods. 买品质好的产品从长远来看是经济的。 economic〓adj. 经济上的；合算的，有利可图的 ◎Very few experts could come up with completely new solutions to the world’ s economic problems. 极少有专家能提出全新方案来解决世界经济问题。 ◎It’s no longer economic to run trains to the village. 这个村庄再通火车已无利可图。 economical〓adj.节省的，节俭的 ◎A small car is surely economical in comparison with a large one . 小车肯定比大车经济。 economically〓adv.不浪费地，节约地，节省地，有利润地 ◎She cooks very economically. ◎Is the company economically viable? economics〓n. 经济学 ◎The economics of national growth are of great importance to all governments. 国家的经济增长对所有的政府而言都是十分重要的。 economist〓n. 经济学家 economize〓v. 节约，节省（钱、时间、商品） ◎We could economize on petrol by all going in one car. 我们都坐一辆汽车，这样可以节省汽油。 三十九、 latitude★longitude★aptitude★attitude★altitude★gratitude latitude〓纬度,（言行的）范围 ◎Morocco and California are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes,both on the west coasts of continents with similar climates ,and probably with rather similar natural resources. 摩洛哥和加利福尼亚是地球上纬度极为接近的两个地点，都位於大陆的西海岸，有着相似 的气候，并且很有可能拥有着极为相似的自然资源。 ◎“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.” 他在《华尔街杂志》一个专栏上写道，“检验任何一个民主社会，不在於它能多有效地控 制各种情感的表达，而在於是否给予了人们思考和表达提供尽可能最广泛范围的自由，无 论其结果有时可能会引起多大的争论和愤怒。” longitude〓经度 aptitude〓n. （学习方面的）能力，才能，天资(同flair) ◎She has a real aptitude for maths. attitude〓n. 姿势，态度，看法 ◎I found her attitude very unfriendly. ◎She has a very odd attitude to money. ◎He stood there in a treatening attitude. 他以威胁的姿势站在那 altitude〓n.高度，海拔 ◎They were flying at a low altitude.他在做低空飞行。 gratitude〓n.感激 grateful adj.感激的，令人愉快的 ◎I’d like to express my gratitude to everyone involved. 我想对参与此事的所有人表示感谢。 四十、 quality★qualify★qualification★qualitative★quantity★quantify★quantitative quality〓品质(sb)，品质（sth） ◎The report criticized the poor quality of many TV programmes. 这篇报导批评了许多电视节目品质低劣。 ◎She showed all the qualities of a great leader. 她表现出了一位伟大的领导人所应该具备的品质。 【quality time品质时间】 qualify〓v.使品质合格,使有资格，使胜任 ◎I came to this school immediately after I had qualified as a teacher. 我取得了教师资格便马上来到这所学校。 ◎Do you qualify for the vote? 你有投票资格麽？ 【be qualified for承担某事合格】 qualification〓资格，资历,限定条件 ◎I have accepted him without qualification. 我无条件接受了他的建议 ◎She has the right qualifications for the job. 她有符合该项工作的各项证明材料。 ◎Previous experience is not an essential qualification for the job. 以前的经验不是获得这份工作的必要条件。 qualitative〓a.定性的，性质上的 quantity〓n.量，数量 ◎Sellsdrugs wholesale and in quantity.大量批发销售药品 四十一、distinct★differ★dissimilar★diverse★discrepant ★discriminate distinct〓截然不同的，独立的 ◎there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.这儿却有 两个相互独立的部门,他们随着时间的变化而日益变得敌对。 ◎The party split into two ditinct groups. [as distinct from有别於（用来区分两样东西或两种情况）] ◎That rule only applies to locally recruited teachers,as distinct from those recruited elsewhere. 那条规则仅仅适用於当地招聘的教师，以便与从别处招聘来的教师有区别 differ〓vi. 不同，与……意见不同；difference n.差别 different汹a. (from) 有差别的differentiate v.区别，区分 ◎My opinions are very different to yours. ◎This new drug is quite different from all the athers available. dissimilar〓a.不相同的，不相似的 ◎The two girls are not dissimilar in appearance ;they both take after their mother. diverse〓a.（正式）各不相同的，各种各样的 discrepant 〓a. 差异的 discrepancy n.差异，不符合，不一致 discrepance n. 差异，分歧，残余项 ◎There is some discrepancy between their two descriptions. 他们两人的描述有些出入 ◎How do you explain the discrepancies in the accounts? 你怎样解释帐目中的差异？ ◎a discrepancy in the two reports 两个报告中的不一致之处。 discriminate〓vi./vt. 区别, 差别待遇 ◎Discriminate among the options available.辨别这些可用的选择 四十二、awake, wake, waken 　　都可作动词。 　　awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用於比喻。 　　wake常指“睡醒”，多为不及物动词。 　　waken多用作及物动词，常指“吵醒”，“惊醒”。 　　39. await, wait 　　await是及物动词。如：I await your further instructions. 　　wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物动词，後常接介词for。如：I will wait for you at the school gate. 四十三、award, prize, reward 　　award, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品，奖金等)”，後面可跟双宾语； reward意为“报酬”，“酬谢”，只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。 　　award, prize, reward作名词时，award常指奖金，奖品；prize多指在竞赛、竞争中 获胜所赢得的奖；reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。 四十四、lay(放) , lie (躺), lie(说谎) ▲ lay放置 laid, laid (三态) 如：Lay the book on the desk.(把书放在桌上。) ▲ lie(躺)的过去式和过去分词分别为lay, lain。注意过去式lay 和 lay(放置)的原形 一样。 ▲ lie(说谎)的过去式和过去分词为lied, lied，也就是正常变化， 四十五、literal, literary, literate, literacy ▲literal文字上的，字面的。如：a literal interpretation of a passage(对一段文 章的字面解释) ▲　literary adj. 文学的。如：literary works(文学作品)。其名词形为literature 文学。 ▲　literary adj. 有文化的(反义词是illiterate),如：people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申请这份工作的人应会使用电脑。) ▲ literacy n. 识字 四十六、persist, insist 　　persist坚持，後面常接介词in。如：He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他虽然疲倦极了，可仍坚持工作。) 　　insist坚持，後面接介词on，也可直接连用that引导的名词从句。如：He insisted on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.) 四十七、.preserve, conserve, reserve 　　preserve坚持，後面常接介词in。如：The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上设有特殊冷藏 设备，在整个航程中保存食物。) 　　conserve保存，储藏，强调采取措施精心保护某物，防止不必要的浪费，损失或变化 。如：He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在为最後 20米冲刺保存实力。) 　　reserve留存(在资金，人力，原料等)，保留(权力等)。如：Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路费。) 四十八、 sometimes, some time, sometime, some times 　　词形相近，但意义和用法不同。 　　sometimes有时。如：I sometimes play tennis.(我有时打 网球。) 　　some times有几次。如：I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去 长城有好几次了。) 　　sometime某个时候，指过去或将来的不确定时间。如：I will buy a car sometime in the future.(将来我会买车的。) 　　some time一段时间。如：I have been a teacher for some time.(我当老师已有些 年头了。) 四十九、effective, efficient 　　均可表示“有效的”。 　　effective常用以指物，强调能产生某种预期的效果。如：effective medicine, effective method等。 　　efficient“效率高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，着重有效地利用时间、精 力并取得预期效果。如：The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的 电话系统效率很高。) 五十、economic, economical 　　economic经济(学)的。如：the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说 ) 　　economical节约的，节俭的。如：He is economical of money and time. 五十一、hard, hardly 　　hard努力地。如：Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard. 　　hardly几乎不，简直不。如：The children can hardly wait to hear the news. 五十二、aboard, abroad, board, broad 　　aboard 在船(或飞机，车)上。如：I never went aboard a ship. 　　abroad 副词，在国外或海外。如：He often goes abroad. 　　board 为动词，上(船，飞机，车)。如：The passengers are boarding the plane now. 　　broad 为形容词，宽广的。如：He has very broad shoulders. (完) --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ※ 编辑: coolneo 来自: 163.13.33.32 (12/12 16:58) ※ 编辑: coolneo 来自: 163.13.33.19 (12/19 15:54) ※ CIH:转录至看板 RESIT 12/20 10:55