作者ennoveevol (波卡)
看板PhD
标题[分享]如何使用「适当的动词」引述文献的来源
时间Mon Oct 3 13:24:20 2011
文章转自：
http://wallaceediting.pixnet.net/blog/post/37995862
提问：
在研究论文内，当要引述文献的资料来源时，要如何选择适当的动词呢？是否有特
定的文法形式需要遵循呢？有时候，受限於动词字汇了解不多，常会在每句中都使
用「studied」或是「said」，是否有其它恰当的动词可以使用呢？
—国立交通大学 管理学院 博士生T.Y-U
回答：
藉由选择特定动词来引用资料来源，你可以表明自己对於引用资料来源的态度。
切勿不断重复「Smith说」，英文里有许多与像「说」这样的动词可供选择。利用字
典来检视你选择使用的动词，看看是否与你所想表达的意义有细微的差异。
关於如何使用「引述动词」，这里有一些文法句型可供参考模仿：
句型 1：
reporting verb (引述动词) +
that + subject (主词) + verb (动词)
acknowledge / admit / agree / allege / argue
assert / assume / believe / claim / conclude
consider / decide / demonstrate / deny / determine
discover / doubt / emphasize / explain / find
hypothesize / imply / indicate / infer / note
object / observe / point / out / prove / reveal
say / show / state / suggest / think
a. Smith
argued that X influences Y.
b. Previous researchers
have implied that the procedure is harmful.
c. Smith
found that X’s are improved by class factors.
d. Lee
inferred that both states are vital.
请注意这些动词的意义都不相同，并且不能互相替换使用。举例来说，例句(a)的
动词 argue，表明你判断作者的结论是根据证据及推理而来，但仍有其他可能的结
论。例句(b)的动词 imply，表明你判断研究者的证据及推理相当具有说服力，
因此没有其他可能的结论。
小心使用动词discuss或express与that 连接的用法，请参考下列的例子。
错误：
The reviewer expressed that the movie is not worth seeing.
(X)
正确：
The reviewer expressed the view that the movie is not worth seeing.
(O)
注意：这个类别的动词也可能出现於以As为开头的从属子句。
a.
As Smith
demonstrated, errors made by previous researchers need to be
corrected.
b.
As researchers
have shown, the procedure is harmful.
句型 2：
reporting verb (引述动词) + somebody/something (某人/某事) +
for
+ noun/gerund (名词/动名词)
applaud / blame / censure / criticize / disparage
fault / praise / ridicule / single out / thank
a. Smith
criticized Jones
for his use of incomplete data (OR for using
incomplete data).
b. Both Smith and Jones
condemned previous researchers
for
misrepresenting the data.
c. Lee
acknowledged Thomas
for his contribution to the discovery of X.
句型3：
reporting verb (引述动词) + somebody/something (某人/某事) +
as
+ noun/gerund/adjective (名词/动名词形容词)
appraise / assess / characterize / class / classify
define / depict / describe / evaluate / identify
interpret / portray / present / refer / view
a. Jones
described the findings
as adding to the existing body of
research.
b. Smith
identified the Y
as a source of information.
c. Smith and Jones both
presented their results
as conclusive.
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