※ [本文转录自 Gossiping 看板] 作者: ttucse (人丑命贱) 看板: Gossiping 标题: Re: [好奇] 请问youtube的八卦 时间: Sat Aug 26 01:11:47 2006 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube是一个网际网路网站，让使用者上载观看及分享短片。它是一个可供网民上载观 看及分享短片的网站，至今已成为同类型网站的翘楚，并造就多位网上名人和激发网上创 作。 目录 [隐藏] * 1 发展 * 2 影响及评价 o 2.1 网际网路革命：网民变信息提供者 o 2.2 网上社群 o 2.3 揭发风气 o 2.4 侵犯版权 o 2.5 影片白痴主义 o 2.6 鼓吹社会不良风气 * 3 注释 * 4 外部连结 [编辑] 发展 YouTube在2005年2月由3名PayPal前雇员创办，他们包括Chad Hurley、台湾留美学生陈士 骏（Steve Chen）、Jawed Karim。其创办原意是为了方便朋友之间分享录影片段，逐渐 成为网民的回忆储存库和作品发布场所。 YouTube采用Macromedia Flash技术提供内容，包括影片及电视节目片段，音乐录影带及 家居录影等。YouTube的片段可简易地放入个人的blog或其他网站中。YouTube禁止用户上 载有版权与色情内容的短片。 有研究指YouTube的网站流量需求极多，甚至每月需要付大约100万美金的费用，因此在 2006年3月，YouTube开始在网站卖广告[1]。 2006年4月至5月，由香港网民拍摄的短片巴士阿叔令YouTube在香港声名大噪，该片不但 吸引很多香港网民进行二次创作，更吸引了本地及外国传媒的报导和注意，自此，香港网 民纷纷上传各种各类的短片至YouTube。 YouTube至2006年已有4000万条短片，每天吸引600万人浏览，在成立後的短短15个月，已 超越MSN Video与Google Video等竞争对手，成为本世纪最多人浏览的网站[2]。 [编辑] 影响及评价 [编辑] 网际网路革命：网民变信息提供者 科技发达、宽频和摄影器材的普及令短片资讯大行其道。这令网民由传统的接收资讯者， 变成资讯发布者，网民更可成立自已的私人影院、影片发布站、新闻站，取代传统的传播 媒体。如一名青年人方颖恒拍下的短片竟能带来如此巨大的回向及点击率，因此巴士阿叔 令不少香港创作人意识到网际网路世界对传统媒体的冲击。 Getdemocracy.com发言人穆 尔说﹕「电视及影像的传播途径，正由上而下的模式，转变为由下而上。每人都可创立自 己的新闻频道，或上载家庭生活短片。与此同时，愈来愈多人欣赏网上短片，令电视的收 视逐渐转移至电脑屏幕[3]。」 [编辑] 网上社群 不少网民藉自拍短片分享个人珍藏和心得，如一名来自古巴的美国移民埃利亚斯对男人美 腿有特殊喜好，遂於YouTube分享其评足心得。後来他发现在Youtube有不少志同道合者， 於是成立「男人脚同好」会，3个月内已招收到逾460个会员[4]亦有英国人透过短片教美 国人吃以色列雅法橙蛋糕的方法，每天接获约200个电邮[5]。 在香港，亦有不少网民透过上传短片来结集志同道合者，如六四事件、七一游行的短片。 以迷恋新闻女主播见称的网民ae2000，亦在2006年开始到YouTube发布自已的珍藏。 [编辑] 揭发风气 巴士阿叔事件後，YouTube涌现了不少香港网民透过手机拍摄巴士、小巴、地铁乘客众生 相的影片。YouTube亦曾有一段传统名校拔萃男书院学生，以粗口Rap歌羞骂同学的片段， 短片迅速在网上流传，传媒广泛报导，那些学生的行为便被批评为影响校誉[6]。因此， youtube这种网站对短片拍摄者，甚至一般在公众场所活动的市民也有影响。 [编辑] 侵犯版权 YouTube自成立以来，其短片曾被不少机构和公司批评为侵犯版权，如Saturday Night Live broadcast、NBC Universal、Family Guy videos owners、Turner Media、Sunrise 等[7]。 [编辑] 影片白痴主义 PC Magazine发言人称﹕「沉迷短片很浪费时间。一旦迷上，就会变成iVideots（影片白 痴）。这可说是影片白痴主义……YouTube就像吃爆谷，令人欲罢不能」[8]。 [编辑] 鼓吹社会不良风气 外国媒体ITV在2006年6月1日批评YouTube及近似的网站鼓吹暴力，因为这些网站上传了由 手机拍摄的打斗影片，虽然YouTube禁止过分暴力和色情的影片，但ITV指与这些网站沟通 时有一定困难[9]。 [编辑] 注释 1. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube.com 2. ↑ 《YouTube掀全球短片热 本世纪最旺网站 「巴士阿叔」热爆香江》，原载《明 报》，2006年5月31日 3. ↑ 《YouTube掀全球短片热 本世纪最旺网站 「巴士阿叔」热爆香江》，原载《明 报》，2006年5月31日。 4. ↑ 《恋脚癖教欣赏男人美腿》，原载《明报》，2006年5月31日。 5. ↑ 《YouTube用家心声﹕少女教吃橙味蛋糕》，原载《明报》，2006年5月31日。 6. ↑ 《男拔萃粗口歌网上流传》，原载《星岛日报》，2006年6月26日。 7. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube.com 8. ↑ 《YouTube掀全球短片热 本世纪最旺网站 「巴士阿叔」热爆香江》，原载《明 报》，2006年5月31日 9. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube Web site that allows users to upload, view, and share video clips. It was founded in February 2005 by three early employees of PayPal. YouTube now has fifty employees and is located in San Mateo, California, USA. YouTube uses Adobe Flash to serve its content, which includes clips from films and television programs, music videos, and homemade videos. Video feeds of YouTube videos can also be easily embedded on blogs and other websites. YouTube prohibits the posting of copyrighted video by anyone not permitted to do so[1]; however, restriction of copyrighted material has proven difficult. Contents [hide] * 1 History * 2 Growth * 3 Valuation * 4 Video format and accessibility * 5 Criticisms and controversies o 5.1 Copyright infringement o 5.2 Community censorship model o 5.3 Revenue model o 5.4 Violence * 6 Spin-off sites * 7 See also * 8 Notes and references * 9 External links History YouTube was founded in February, 2005 by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, who were all early employees of PayPal.[2] Prior to PayPal, Hurley studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.[3] The domain name "YouTube.com" was activated on February 15, 2005, [4] with the website launching shortly thereafter. In November, 2005, venture capital firm, Sequoia, invested $3.5 million in YouTube. [5] Sequoia Capital partner Roelof Botha, former CFO of PayPal, joined the board of directors at YouTube. In April, 2006, Sequoia Capital invested a further $8 million in YouTube. [6] The site's popularity surged in December 2005 when it hosted the popular Lazy Sunday clip from a Saturday Night Live broadcast.[7] In February, 2006, NBC Universal asked YouTube to remove several copyrighted NBC video clips, including Lazy Sunday and 2006 Olympics clips, from their site.[5][8] On March 14, 2006, YouTube set a 10-minute limit on videos, except for those uploaded through its Director Program. By June 2006, NBC had reconsidered its approach and announced a strategic partnership with YouTube. Under the terms of the partnership, NBC will among other things create an official NBC Channel on YouTube to showcase its preview clips for The Office. YouTube will also promote NBC's videos throughout its site.[9] CBS, which had previously also asked YouTube to remove several of its clips, similarly reassessed its relationship with YouTube in July 2006. In a statement indicative of how the traditional media industry's perception of YouTube has changed, Sean McManus, president of CBS News and Sports noted: YouTube Our inclination now is, the more exposure we get from clips like that, the better it is for CBS News and the CBS television network, so in retrospect we probably should have embraced the exposure, and embraced the attention it was bringing CBS, instead of being parochial and saying ‘let’s pull it down.’ [10] YouTube Also in July, 2006, Robert Tur, a television journalist, filed a lawsuit against YouTube, alleging copyright infringement. The case has yet to be resolved. [11] [12] In August, 2006, YouTube announced that within 18 months it intends to offer every music video ever created to its viewers free of charge. Warner Music Group and EMI are two companies who confirmed that they are in discussions about the plan. [13] Growth YouTube is currently one of the fastest-growing websites on the World Wide Web [14], and is ranked as the 15th most popular website on Alexa, far outpacing even MySpace's growth. [15] On July 16, 2006, YouTube announced that 100 million clips are watched on YouTube every day. An additional 65,000 new videos are uploaded every day. The site has almost 20 million visitors each month, according to Nielsen/NetRatings. [16] Valuation Although YouTube's potential market value in an acquisition is pure speculation, an article in the New York Post suggested on July 23, 2006 that YouTube may be worth anywhere from $600 million to $1 billion. [17] On August 22, 2006 the Web 2.0 blog Techcrunch suggested that Grouper's acquisition price of $65 million implies a YouTube valuation of approximately $2 billion. [2] On August 24 2006 an article on CNET's News.com exclaimed "YouTube could be a steal at $1 billion" [18] Video format and accessibility The file format used by YouTube is known as Flash Video, with extension *.flv. Videos can be downloaded off YouTube's website and viewed offline with various video player applications, however this may be a violation of copyright and is strongly discouraged. Criticisms and controversies Copyright infringement YouTube policy does not allow content to be uploaded by anyone not permitted by copyright law to do so, and the company frequently removes uploaded videos that infringe on copyrights, but a large amount of copyright-infringing material is uploaded nonetheless. Generally, YouTube only discovers these videos when they are reported by the YouTube community, or when the copyright holder reports them. The primary way in which YouTube identifies the content of a video is through the search terms that uploaders associate with clips. There is also the increasing problem of users flagging other users' original content as copyright-infringing purely out of spite. Some users have taken to creating alternative words as search terms to be entered when uploading specific type of files. Community censorship model YouTube does not have a centralized model for monitoring the content of videos uploaded to the site, instead relying on a "YouTube user community" to handle the task. Votes counted against a video cause it to be blocked or marked "inappropriate." While seemingly sensible, videos that contain nothing other than an unpopular point of view or similarly nonsensical transgressions are flagged regularly, and are more difficult to view for most visitors as a result. Revenue model Some industry commentators have speculated that YouTube's running costs — specifically the bandwidth required — may be as high as US$1 million per-month, [19] thereby fuelling criticisms that the company does not have a viable business model. Advertisements were launched on the site beginning in March 2006. In April 2006, YouTube started using Google AdSense. Violence On their 6:30 PM bulletin on June 1, 2006, ITV News reported that YouTube and sites like it were encouraging violence and bullying amongst teenagers, who were filming fights on their mobile phones (see happy slapping), and then uploading them to YouTube. While YouTube provides a facility for reporting excessively violent videos, the news report stated that communication with the website was difficult. [20] Spin-off sites The popularity of YouTube has inspired other websites into creating similar services. Examples of such spin-off sites would include XTube, TinyPic, and MySpace Videos. [21] The embeddable nature of YouTube has bred several "best of" sites as well. These sites range from small, non-commercial, independently programmed endeavours, to larger, ambitious, hierarchically displayed, viewer-rated sites. --

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