阿 一则华尔街日报的报导给大家参考一下 第二段是英文版的原版 不过乡民们应该不在乎吧 !! 华尔街日报指出，整体而言，科学显示，对於男人和女人而言，每天喝一点小酒， 好过完全不喝酒。小酒可以降低心脏病、糖尿病以及精神病的风险； 但是对於女人而言，小酌可能隐藏你所不知道的危险。 即便是小饮，都可能增加罹患乳癌的风险。酒後驾车的女人，死於车祸的风险高过男人。 女人因为酒精滥用染上严重健康问题的风险也高过男人。这些疾病可能包括肝、 脑以及心的疾病。 酒精对於男人和女人的健康影响差异如此之大，原因相当复杂。 女人血中的酒精密度较高，因此在饮用相同数量的酒精後，较男人更容易受到伤害。 不少医生表示，这可能是因为女人的胃净空的速度比男人慢， 使其身体能够得到更多时间来吸收同样数量的酒精。 实验室的研究显示，「酒精影响视觉反应及其他和驾驶有关的表现， 可能有性别上的差异存在」，这或许解释了女人喝酒和驾车比较危险的原因。 酒精同时也会改变女人天然雌激素的水准，这可能提高她们染上一些疾病的风险。 酒精最令人困扰的一种效应，是只要一小点酒精，即可增加妇女染上乳癌的危险。 根据哈佛研究员针对酒精和乳癌关联所作的分析，显示「妇女每日饮用10克的酒精， 罹患乳癌的风险就增加大约9%」。哈佛公共健康学院表示，「饮用12盎司的啤酒， 5盎司的葡萄酒，或是1.5盎司的烈酒，即可产出大约12-14克的酒精」。 这意味每日只喝两杯酒的女性，其染上乳癌的风险，较不喝酒的女性高上27%。 哈佛公共健康学院的传染病学暨营养学教授Walter Willett表示， 喝酒对於个别女性的绝对风险并不高，但是「酒精可以在一年内转成数千种的乳癌， 那是不喝酒就不会发生的状况」，「酒精和健康的等式在女人的身上?对会更复杂， 因为它和乳癌所存在的关系」。 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB116708489854059147 December 26, 2006; Page D1 Toasting the new year with an alcoholic beverage is probably good for your health -- if you're a man. If you're a woman, the impact of that glass of alcohol is far more confusing. Overall, science shows that for both men and women, drinking a small amount of alcohol each day is better for you than never drinking at all, and it likely lowers your risk of heart attack, diabetes and mental decline. But for women, moderate alcohol consumption also carries risks you may not know about. Even small amounts of alcohol consumption are linked with higher risk for breast cancer. Women who drive after drinking are at higher risk than men of dying in a car accident, even at similar blood-alcohol concentrations. And women are at higher risk than men for serious health problems related to alcohol abuse, including liver, brain and heart damage. The reasons alcohol appears to affect men and women so differently are complex. Women achieve higher concentrations of alcohol in the blood and become more impaired than men after drinking equivalent amounts of alcohol, even when taking into account differences in height and weight. This is likely due to the fact that a woman's stomach empties more slowly than a man's, giving the body more time to absorb the same amount of alcohol, many doctors say. Lab studies suggest there may be gender differences in how alcohol affects the response to visual cues and other tasks related to driving performance, which may explain why it's more risky for a woman to drink and drive. And alcohol also may alter a woman's natural estrogen levels, which can influence her risk for a number of health concerns. One of the most troubling effects of alcohol is that even small amounts increase a woman's risk for breast cancer. A pooled analysis by Harvard researchers of all the data on alcohol and breast cancer shows that a woman's risk increases by about 9% for every 10 grams of alcohol a day that she drinks. In the U.S., the typical serving of 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine or 1.5 ounces of liquor delivers about 12 grams to 14 grams of alcohol, according to the Harvard School of Public Health. That means a woman who consumes just two drinks a day has about a 27% higher risk of getting breast cancer than a woman who doesn't drink alcohol. It's worth noting that the absolute risk of alcohol consumption to an individual woman is slight. Consider that the typical 50-year-old woman has a five-year breast-cancer risk of about 2.1% -- so two drinks a day would boost her risk to only about 2.7%. Read Tara Parker-Pope's Health Mailbox where she answers readers' questions about medical studies, ailments and treatments.For many women, similar risks from other choices have proved unacceptable. For instance, recent studies have shown a woman's risk of breast cancer increases 9% to 24% if she uses the menopause hormones estrogen and progestin, a concern that has prompted millions of women to abandon hormone treatments for menopause. Exactly why alcohol consumption alters a woman's breast-cancer risk isn't entirely clear. Several studies have shown that alcohol can raise a woman's natural estrogen levels, and high natural estrogen is linked with higher breast-cancer risk. Alcohol may enhance the negative effects of natural estrogen on the breast. While the breast-cancer risk sounds scary, it has to be weighed against other health benefits of alcohol. Women who consume about one drink a day have a 40% lower risk for heart attack, and a 70% lower risk of stroke. In the well-known Nurses Health Study, which now follows more than 120,000 women, those with diabetes who drank at least a half-serving of alcohol a day had a 52% lower risk for heart attack than nondrinkers. Studies also show that moderate alcohol use might protect against osteoporosis, a serious health problem that leads to brittle bones and risky fractures and affects far more women than men. Women who drink six to seven servings of alcohol a week typically have higher bone density than nondrinkers. The higher bone density is likely explained by the estrogen-enhancing effects of alcohol, doctors say. As a result, women need to take into account family history and personal concerns. A woman with a strong family history of breast cancer or someone with a family history of alcoholism might decide to forgo alcohol altogether. But someone without those added risk factors who is worried about heart attack, diabetes or osteoporosis might consider drinking small amounts of alcohol daily. While there's disagreement about whether any level of alcohol is good for a woman, most authorities agree that women should limit themselves to one-half to one drink a day to get the maximum health benefits of drinking and minimize the risks. For men, the maximum health benefit comes with one to two drinks a day. And women who do choose to drink should also take a multivitamin that contains folic acid. Recent studies show folic acid seems to blunt the harmful effects of alcohol on the breast and lowers risk of breast cancer to near that of a woman who doesn't drink alcohol. "It's all about deciding what's best for you as an individual," says Sherry Marts, vice president for scientific affairs for the Society for Women's Health Research in Washington. "For women, whether to drink alcohol is another one of those risk-benefit decisions we make every day." --

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