原文:http://tennisworld.typepad.com/thewrap/2009/05/the-rafa-rules.html 这篇是在罗马决赛後Steve Tignor写的，前面一大段好像在讲那场比赛的部份就没翻了 我只是想增进一点网球行话挖来翻的，如果有错的地方请告诉我~感激不尽<(_ _)> 节录翻译: 1. Serve Early in his career, Nadal’s serve was a liability. He used a stiff, abbreviated motion that produced little pace or bite. He’s tinkered with his delivery in the years since and upped its velocity. More important, his limited ability to produce 130-m.p.h. bombs has forced him to develop two other serving strengths: accuracy and the element of surprise. We know that Nadal takes his time setting up to serve. Part of this may stem from the fact that he can’t step to the line and count on an ace. He relies on placement and variety, which need to be thought out. 　　在职业生涯早期，Nadal的发球是他的短处。他的发球方式僵硬而简略，造成球速慢 且威胁性不足。从当时至今的几年之中，他改善了他的发球方式并且加快发球的球速。 更重要的，受限於不能发出时速130mph的大炮，Nadal被迫发展其他两种发球方面的武器： 准确性和突袭的技巧。大家都知道Nadal在发球前的慢条斯里，部分的原因可能就是因为 Nadal不能直接走向底线，然後靠一计ace得分。他仰赖的是布局和多样性，而这些必须花 时间思考。 The result is that Nadal hits to more targets with regularity than his opponents. Where most players either go wide, into the body, or down the T, Nadal aims for more specific spots. He may go down the T three straight times, but rather than mixing it up by going wide on the next one, he’ll mix it up by aiming 2 feet inside the T, at his opponent’s hip, and with a little extra pace. The same goes when he serves wide in the ad court. Nadal’ s accuracy makes it difficult for his opponents to guess where the ball is going. 　　造成的结果是Nadal发球的目标相对於对手固定的那几点来得多，大部分的选手的发球 策略不出三种：外角、近身或T点。Nadal瞄准的是更特定的落点：他可能连续发在T点三次 ，但接下来一球的不是发向外角，而是T点两尺内的地方－对手臀部的地方，并且增加一点 速度。同理在Nadal的二发区发球，只是在这里是发向外角，然後往内移两尺。Nadal的 准确性使对手们不易於猜测球会发向何方。 In last year’s French Open final, Nadal served virtually every ball to Federer’s backhand. In the Wimbledon final, he changed spots much more often. Nadal doesn’t use variety for its own sake; he’s happy spinning the ball into his opponent’s backhand every time, if that’s what’s working. One advantage to this tactic is that late in a match it allows him to ambush his opponent on a crucial point in the ad court by firing a flat ball down the T. Unfortunately, I can only point out the tactic. You have to learn to hit those targets yourself. 　　在去年法网决赛，Nadal差不多每球都发向Federer的反拍，而在温布顿决赛他的落点 比平常改变得更频繁。Nadal发球落点变化不大也是有其目的性，如果有效的话，他很乐意 每球都发向对手反拍。战略上利益就是在比赛尾声，在二发区的关键时刻，他可以用一计 平击的T点球偷袭他的对手。 　　不幸的，我只能指出战略，你必须自己学习如何回敬那些发球。 Lessons: (1) Even without natural power on your serve, you can be just as effective by concentrating on accuracy and hitting very specific targets. (2) Don't be afraid to be predictable with it; make your opponent prove he can handle a certain serve before you decide to mix it up. Variety is never an end in itself. 教条： 1.即使没有发球的天生优势，你仍可专注於准确性和发向特定的落点来达成同样的效果。 2.不要害怕你的发球是可被预料的，在你打算变化落点前让对手相信他可以处理这些球， 　变化绝不止於落点而已。 2. Return As with the serve, Nadal’s return doesn’t appear to be one of his strengths at first glance. He’s often forced to take his second hand off his backhand and slice back a high floater, which immediately puts him on the defensive. But again, Nadal makes up for that weakness with his return tactics. 　　如同他的发球，Nadal的回发第一眼看来也不是他的长项。他经常被迫用单手反切一个 高漂球回去，而这会使他马上处於防守的一方。但再次，Nadal利用战略弥补了这项弱势。 Nowhere was this more apparent than in his second-round match at Wimbledon in 2008 against Ernests Gulbis. Nadal lost the first set 7-5 in large part because of Gulbis’ ability to consistently fire first serves in the 120-– 130-m.p.h. range. At the start of the second set, Nadal took a couple of big steps backward, giving himself an extra millisecond to react on his return. He won the next three sets. Afterward, Gulbis said he had been thrown off by a change in Nadal’s tactics, but couldn’t figure out what the Spaniard was doing differently. 　　没有比赛比08年温网第二轮对上Ernests Gulbis更清楚展现这点了。Nadal第一盘以 7-5输掉，绝大部分的原因是Gulbis能持续发出时速120-130mph的一发。在第二盘，Nadal 往後站了几大步，好让自己有更多时间反应。Nadal赢下了接下来的三盘。後来Gulbis说 他的攻击被Nadal技巧性的摆脱了，但不理解西班牙人到底做出什麽改变。 And unlike, say, James Blake, you’ll almost never see Nadal go for an outright winner on his return. He knows that, with few players following their serves to the net, he can be just as offensive, and much safer, hitting a high topspin forehand into his opponent’s backhand side and working his way into the point from there. 　　不同的，James Blake回答出了正确答案，你几乎绝对不会看见Nadal回发时想直接 打出致胜球。既然现在很少选手会发球上网，Nadal可以选择贸然进攻，或是保险一点， 用正手回上旋高球到对手的反拍，然後用自己的步调掌控接下来的这分。 Lessons: (1) Always evaluate your return position—if nothing else, this will keep your mind working, and not worrying—and don’t be afraid to change it mid-match. (2) Never try for an outright winner on your return. Start by getting the ball back in play to your opponent's weaker side. The goal should be to neutralize the serve and work to create a higher-percentage shot before you pull the trigger. 教条： 1.不断检视你回发的适当性－如果没有其他意外，这会让你保持专注而非焦虑－还有不要 　害怕在比赛途中改变你的回发站位。 2.绝不要想直接回发得分，试着把球回到对手的较弱的那侧。你的目标应该是稀释掉发球 　的威力，在扣下板机前确保自己处於上风。 3. Volley Nadal is no net-rusher in singles, which may come as a surprise to anyone who has seen him play doubles. There he puts his aggressive instincts on display, relishing the close-range volley battles that doubles produces. 　　Nadal在单打比赛中不是勇於上网的选手，但观看他的双打比赛会出人意料之外。双打 比赛中Nadal展现了好战的本性，他很享受近距离的截击交锋。 But those instincts still serve him well in singles. Nadal typically comes to the net after hitting a strong approach and getting his opponent on the run. This allows him to take most of his volleys from an offensive position and above net level. The key for him is to put the ball away immediately and not let his opponent get a crack at a pass. Nadal takes care of this in two ways. First, he keeps his volley stroke extraordinarily simple; rather than a “ punch,” which is what a player is taught to think when he hits a volley, Nadal, particularly on his forehand side, pares it down even more. He essentially taps the ball into the open court. 　　这些本性仍在单打比赛发挥作用，典型的Nadal上网时机是在击出强力的边线球，迫使 对手疲於救球时，这让Nadal截击时大多数处於进攻方且高於网带之上。关键是让球立刻 得分，不让对手有任何空隙来穿越。Nadal用两种方式来达到这项目的，第一、使自己的 截击格外简单；不同於其他选手在截击时选择奋力一击，Nadal更多是选择削弱球的力量， 特别是在正手。本质上他只是把球轻拍向空档。 Nadal brings his racquet all the way up, until it’s almost perpendicular with the surface, so he can hit down on the ball. He knows he’s not a power volleyer and that if he’s at the net, his opponent is typically out of position, so he concentrates on using sharp, short angles that keep the ball out of the others guy’s reach 　　Nadal在任何情况下都把自己的拍头向上，直到几乎垂直於地面，所以他可以向下击球 Nadal知道自己不是强力截击的选手，而且通常他在网前时，对手们已经失去站位，所以他 可以全心将球放到网子对面的人碰不到的刁钻角度。 Lessons: (1) Think control, rather than pace, on your volleys. (2) Keep your take-back as short as possible. (3) Use sharp angles whenever you can to keep your opponent from getting a second or third look at a pass. 教条： 1.在截击时比起球速，不如去想如何控制落点。 2.让你的回球尽可能的短。 3.选择刁钻的角度让你的对手没有比一种更多的穿越路径。 4. Backhand One reason Nadal won Wimbledon last year was his improved backhand. He flattened it out and used it as a weapon. For the most part, though, it remains a rally shot, one that helps him set up his vaunted forehand. Still, as time has gone on, Nadal, with his usual tinkering, has found ways to throw off his opponents by changing spin, speed, and depth with his backhand. 　　Nadal赢下去年温网的一大因素就是反拍的进步。他的反拍平击是一项武器，虽然， 大多数Nadal的反拍还是正拍的准备。时间流逝，Nadal像对待其他弱点一样补强了他的 反拍，利用改变反拍的旋转和角度来摆脱对手的纠缠。 “It’s tough,” Sam Querrey said after losing to Nadal at the U.S. Open last fall, “because he gives you that [backhand] chip and he almost tempts you to come in. . . . He’s kind of just edging you on a little bit. It’s tough to deal with.” Querrey was referring to how Nadal takes the air out of a hard-hit ball by gently slicing it back in the vicinity of the service line. It forces his opponent to deal with a new spin and hit up on the ball, as well as making him hesitate before deciding whether to come in or not. Nadal knows he’s good enough to track down nearly any approach, and if it isn’t perfect, to send back a passing shot. 　　「比赛非常困难」Sam Querrey在去年秋天美网输给Nadal後说到「因为他的反拍切球 引诱你去攻击…他只是一点一点把你挤到边缘，这很难处理。」Querrey反应出Nadal如何 轻松的把很硬的球轻柔的切回发球线附近，迫使他的对手处理新的球质和击球时机，当 对手犹豫要往哪进攻时，Nadal知道自己有能力追击几乎全部的回球，如果不够好，那就 再回一球回去。 Lessons: (1) Be willing to mix up not only the direction of your ground strokes—i.e., crosscourt or down the line—but also their depth. (2) A low, short slice may not be an aggressive play, but it’s an uncomfortable shot for your opponent to deal with. 教条： 1.组合好你的底线球，不只有直线或斜线的不同，还有深度的变化 2.低、短的切球可能不是有力的攻击，但会使对手难以处理。 5. Drop Shot For a bruiser, Nadal has a first-class touch game. He has great hands at net and on drop shots, but it’s the way he uses his touch game that makes it so consistent and effective. 　　做为一个战士，Nadal有一流的触球手感。他在网前和小球的手感都很好，但他使用的 方式让他的小球格外有效。 Nadal has two types of drop shots. The first is a change of pace that comes in the middle of a rally. He’ll slice severely under his backhand and land the ball short, but not because he thinks he can win the point outright with it. Instead, he gives it plenty of clearance over the net and follows it forward. His opponent is forced to hit up on the ball and Nadal is there to intercept it with a volley into the open court. 　　Nadal的小球有两类。一种是用来改变抽球中的节奏，他不认为这可以直接得分，他 只在网前有充分的空档时，反切一个短球，然後随球上网。当对手被迫打高这球时， Nadal的截击就等在那儿。 Nadal uses a different type of drop shot when he has the advantage in a rally and is hitting from well inside the baseline. On those occasions, he’ll often get in position for a forehand, come under it at the last second, and drop it without too much spin into the center of the service box for a winner. 　　Nadal在对抽占优人在底线内时用另外一种小球。这种情况下，他通常会等正手到位， 最後一刻的击球时机，放一个旋转不多的小球到发球区中央，一计制胜球。 As with his serve, return, and volley, the key to Nadal’s drop shot is its safety. Yes, he has great touch, but the other reason he rarely misses this shot is that, first and foremost, he makes sure the ball clears the net. Unlike Andy Murray, who in the past has gone to the drop-shot well too often, Nadal tries to win a point with his drop only when he can do it without having to make the shot a spectacular one. 　　就像他的发球、回发和截击一样，Nadal放小球的关键是在安全性。是的，他的手感 很好，但他很少失误的理由的另一个前提是：确保网前没有任何危机。不像Andy Murray能 太过频繁的放出精采的小球，Nadal只有在不用做出”每日一球”就可以得分的情况下放 小球。 Lessons: (1) The first step to hitting an effective drop shot is clearing the net. (2) If you have your opponent scrambling, follow your drop shot all the way in so you can cut off his floating reply. (3) Only try to win a point outright with a drop shot when you don’t have to be spectacular with it. 教条： 1.击出有效小球的第一步是确保网前安全。 2.如果想让对手混乱，方法就是利用小球，然後你就可以切下他的漂高球。 3.如果你没有惊人的手感，只有在确定能直接得分时放小球。 6. Mind Game We’ve heard and read a lot about Nadal’s mental strengths. But last week at work TENNIS Magazine’s editor, James Martin, and I watched him celebrate after winning an early round match in Rome—he looked like he couldn’t possibly have been any happier. We agreed that we’d never seen any player show so much so joy in winning with such regularity. This outlook must contribute to Nadal's ability to keep winning match after match and tournament after tournament on clay. He never lets winning feel routine, like a job. He rewards himself with a little reveling, no matter who he’s beaten or what round it is. 　　我们都曾听过或看过很多关於Nadal心理素质的赞美，上周作为TENNIS的编辑，我和 James Martin看了Nadal在罗马头几轮的一场比赛，Nadal看起来像是不能比现在更快乐的 庆祝着他的胜利。我们都同意我们从没看过哪个选手像他一样，在赢下如此平凡的比赛後 表现的这麽快乐。看起来这大概是帮助Nadal一场又一场、一项又一项赢下所有红土赛事 的能力，他从不让胜利变成形式，像工作一般。他用小小的狂欢来犒赏自己，无论打败谁 或在哪一轮。 Whether Nadal thinks of it this way or not, his post-match revelry is another reminder to himself of why he’s out there. As I said before here, his fist-pumps and vamoses are a way of keeping his desire to win tangible— something he can always feel—and aspirational, rather than a given. Note that he doesn't just do this after breaking serve or drilling an impossible winner. At one point against Djokovic, Nadal was down 15-30 on his serve, and a tiny momentum shift toward his opponent seemed possible. Nadal won the next point with a service winner. When Djokovic's return landed wide, the Spaniard let out a short, scratchy, but easily audible vamos, while adding a truncated but determined fist-pump. Nadal hadn't just won a point, he'd made that point seem important to everyone in the arena, including himself and his opponent. He eventually held. 　　无论Nadal是不是这麽想，他赛後的庆祝动作是另一个提醒自己站在场上的理由。如同 我以前说的，Nadal的击拳动作和”Vamos”是他保持赢下奖盃的欲望－他总是可以感觉 到的－的方式，这是一种渴望，而非预订行事。注意一点，他不只在破发或打出惊天动地 一击後才这麽做。在对Djokovic的比赛时，Nadal在自己的发球局以15-30落後，看起来 对手有微小的机会可以破发，Nadal接下来发球得分。当Djokovic回球过长时，西班牙人 脱口而出一声短促含糊但可以轻易听见的”Vamos”，附带一个简短有力的击拳。Nadal不只 赢下了那一分，他让在场所有人，包刮自己和对手，都觉得那一分似乎意味重大。最後 Nadal保下那局。 Nadal approaches each match as if winning it is a new goal line to cross, rather than something to be afraid of losing. In this sense, he’s like Michael Jordan, who set out to prove himself again every day. But Nadal's ambition isn’t as hard-edged as Jordan’s. Rafa doesn’t want to embarrass his opponent (unless, perhaps, his name is Soderling); he wants more than anything to feel that addictive sense of joy and relief that we all feel every time we win a tennis match. Allowing himself to soak that feeling in for a second gives him one more reason to try his absolute best to make it happen. I said earlier that the old-school way to win has always been to act like you’ve been there before. Nadal has successfully turned that on its head. He wins by acting like he’s never been there before. 　　Nadal每场比赛都打的像要赢得一个重要的里程碑，而不只是担心输掉，就像Michael Jordan一样。他们的目标都是每天持续的进步，但Nadal的野心不像Jordan那样锋芒毕露， Rafa不想让他的对手难堪(大概除了Soderling)。他像是上瘾般着迷於想去感受每一次 赢的比赛後的愉悦和松懈感。他为了胜利使尽全力，只是好让自己能够短暂的沉浸在这种 感觉之中。我以前说过老派的赢球方式，就是表现的像从没赢过。Nadal成功的改变我这 点观念，他的胜利正是来自表现的像他从没赢过。 -- 感谢阅读<(_ _)> vamos RAFA!!目标五连冠!!!!!!!!! --

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