哈罗大家! 有监於大家上周参与热烈，我们增设了第五个Bloc罗! 这次大家将分代表以下几个角色: China France Germany Greenpeace Organization Iceland India Iran Italy Japan Norway Saudi Arabia Turkey 请大家注意(上一篇文)自己分配到的角色喔!! 看完Study Guide，请再次阅读Bloc Posistion帮助你的思考!! 再仔细的人可以查查代表国家或组织的资料~ 善用网路资源也是很重要的能力:) Bloc Positions (Bloc就像结盟的大集团) 1. G8 (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the UK, and the USA) During the latest annual G8 Hokkaido Summit in July, 2008, the 8 countries have jointly called for a global goal to cut at least 50 % cut in carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. They have acknowledged that they must take the lead in the fight of climate change. In this context, all but Germany are openly supporting the widespread use nuclear energy as a means of reducing carbon emission. France gets around 80% of electricity from nuclear power, Japan and Germ more than 25%, USA almost 20%. These countries continue to show strong interest for nuclear power, as they have already a pretty well-established construction system and may offer technical assistance to non-nuclear capacity countries. Italy and UK have also expressed a pro-nuclear stance, as a result of a sharp increase in domestic electricity prices causes by oil price fluctuations. 2. Emerging Economies Most noticeable of developing countries are China and India, both ambitiously expanding nuclear power productions. Mainland China depends roughly 80% of its electricity from fossil fuels, mostly coal, which is the main source of its serious air pollution. Also, rapid growth in population and energy demand has given rise to power shortages. India, on the other hand, being a non-signatory of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has long been kept out of nuclear deals from the international market until a recent exemption from abroad. As trade of nuclear resources is now allowed, India is also actively developing nuclear technology to meet its sharply rising energy demand. With great consumption need and under international pressure on climate change, developing countries share a similar position and are most likely to expand their nuclear power production. 3. Greenpeace International Organization Greenpeace is an independent organization established to protect the environment and campaign for sustainability. Greenpeace does not accept donation from government or corporations, therefore it stands independent to challenge governments or corporations when necessary. It relies on contribution from individuals and foundations to pursue various environmental issues. One of them is the vigorous fight against nuclear power. They firmly believe that an energy revolution based on renewable energy is the only solution to climate change. Though building nuclear power plants can contribute to reduction in greenhouse gas emission, Greenpeace points out the tremendous capital construction and safeguard costs required. Also, they show grave concern about nuclear waste and risk of security. Furthermore, as Greenpeace fights for conservation and sustainability, they fear that a rapid shift toward nuclear power would overshadow the effort to in search of truly long-term climate change solutions. 4. Middle East The one region that might find nuclear power not in need is the oil-rich Middle East. Yet a sudden eagerness in nuclear power is apparent in the region. Earlier this year, Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to cooperate on developing civil nuclear technology with the USA. Turkey and Egypt has also announced plans to build up nuclear plants. What is noteworthy is that this sudden enthusiasm seems to be driven more by Iran’s increasing nuclear power, and rather less by concerns of climate change or the unstable oil prices. Rivalries within the Middle East are likely to further the nuclear power pursuit, or possibly, a nuclear arms race. 5. Non-Nuclear Countries(此Bloc为增设) Amid a sudden enthusiasm in nuclear, opposition voices are not alone. Environment Ministers of Ireland, Iceland, Norway and Austria have expressed serious concern about presenting nuclear energy as a solution to climate change. In a recent meeting at Dublin, they have shared a view of concern on current issues that remain unresolved, including environmental, waste, proliferation, nuclear liability and safety problems. With these risks and problems, nuclear energy would not stand to claim as a clean alternative to fossil fuel. Health and security of citizens should not lie under threats of nuclear risks. With special concern over recently discovered nuclear leaks and mismanagements, ministers of these countries are calling upon nations to reject reopening of nuclear power plants and to reconsider decisive actions on nuclear energy. --

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