※ [本文转录自 NTUCH-101 看板] 作者: sodia (~茶~) 看板: NTUCH-101 标题: [情报] 本周普化有习题作业 时间: Mon Mar 23 17:24:56 2009 本周普化有习题作业喔!!! Ch13: (11)(13)(18)(19)(22). 一样是在本周五(3/27) pm5:00以前缴交。 ps.老师太晚告诉我了=_= 请看到的同学帮忙转告一下。 HCl Properties: Fumes in air. May be colored yellow by traces of iron, chlorine, and organic matter. Reagent grade concd hydro chloric acid contains close to 38.0% HCl. 83 ml of concd HCl poured into sufficient water to make 1 liter yields approx 1.0 N HCl. The pH of 1.0 N HCl is 0.10; of 0.1 N = 1.10; of 0.01 N = 2.02; of 0.001 N = 3.02; of 0.0001 N = 4.01. n D 18 (1.0 N soln) 1.34168 . d 4 15 1.05 (10.17% w/w soln); 1.10 (20%); 1.15 (29.57%); 1.20 (39.11%) . Freezing pt: minus17.14degrees (10.81% soln); minus62.25degrees (20.69%); minus46.2degrees (31.24%); minus25.4degrees (39.17%), Gmelin prime s, Chlorine (8th ed.) 6, 136-137 (1927). Constant boiling azeotrope with water bp 760 108.58degrees contg 20.22% HCl , d 4 15 1.096 . Boiling weaker or stronger aq solns results in loss of either component until the constant boiling acid is obtained. Note: Caution: Corrosive burns may result from the inhalation of acid fumes and from skin contact with or the ingestion of strong acid. Symptoms after ingestion or skin contact include immediate pain and ulceration of all membranes and tissues which come in contact with the acid. Ingestion may be associated with nausea, vomiting and intense thirst; cor rosion of the stomach may lead within a few hours or a few days to gastric perforation and peritonitis. Late esophageal, gastric and pyloric strictures and stenoses should be antici pated. Contact of conc acid with the eye can cause extensive necrosis of the conjunctiva and corneal epithelium, resulting in perforation or opaque scarring. Chemical pneu monitis can be expected after respiratory exposure to acid vapors or after tracheobronchial aspiration of ingested acid. Death may occur due to complications such as circulatory shock, asphyxia due to glottic or laryngeal edema, perforation of the stomach with peritonitis, gastic hemorrhage, infection or anition due to stricture formation. See Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Compounds, R. E. Gosselin et al., Eds. (Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th ed., 1984) Section III, pp 8-11. Hno3 Properties: Colorless liq. Fumes in moist air. Characteristic choking odor. d 4 25 1.50269 . mp minus41.59degrees . Monohydrate, mp minus37.68degrees . Trihydrate, mp minus18.47degrees . Heat of fusion: 2.503 kcal/mole. Heat of infinite dilution (298.1degreesK): minus7971 cal/mole. bp 760 83degrees . With water it forms a negative azeo trope (min vapor press. max bp), so-called constant boiling acid at 68% HNO 3 , bp 120.5degrees , d 4 20 1.41 . The oxide-free acid, diluted with an equal vol of water, does not discolor drops of 0.1 N KMnO 4 . Colorless 100% acid cannot be stored in the presence of light without formation of NO 2 which produces the discoloration. Stains woolen fabrics and animal tissue a bright yellow. In the presence of traces of oxides it attacks all base metals except Al and special Cr steels which become passivated. Strong, monobasic acid. Oxidizing agent. Reacts violently with alcohol, turpentine, charcoal, organic refuse. Nitric acid concentrated is a water soln contg 70-71% HNO 3 . Density of aq solns: d 4 20 1.0036 (1% HNO 3 w/w); 1.0543 (10%); 1.1150 (20%); 1.1800 (30%); 1.2463 (40%); 1.3100 (50%); 1.3667 (60%); 1.4134 (70%); 1.4521 (80%); 1.4826 (90%); 1.5129 (100%): International Critical Tables III , 58 (1928). See also Nitric Acid, Fuming. Density: d 4 25 1.50269; d 4 20 1.41; d 4 20 1.0036 (1% HNO 3 w/w); 1.0543 (10%); 1.1150 (20%); 1.1800 (30%); 1.2463 (40%); 1.3100 (50%); 1.3667 (60%); 1.4134 (70%); 1.4521 (80%); 1.4826 (90%); 1.5129 (100%): International Critical Tables III Boiling point: bp 760 83degrees; bp 120.5 Melting Point: minus41.59degrees; mp minus37.68degrees; mp minus18.47 Note: Caution: Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, mucous membranes and skin; delayed pulmo nary edema, pneumonitis and bronchitis; dental erosion. See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/ NIOSH 90-117, 1990) p 160. See also Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Compounds, R. E. Gosselin et al., Eds. (Wil liams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th ed., 1984) Section III, pp 8 -11. Haucl4 Properties: golden-yellow to reddish-yellow, very hy groscopic and deliquesc monoclinic crystals; readily affected by sunlight. (Also available as brown crystals or cryst masses, contg 50-51% gold, and having the same properties as the yellow crystals.) Has caustic action on the skin (blis ters) and then on exposure to light leaves violet-brown spots. Dec on strong heating to Cl 2 , HCl, and metallic gold. d about 3.9 . Very sol in water, alcohol; sol in ether. Keep tightly closed and protected from light. Na3c6h5o7 Properties: white, odorless crystals, granules or powder; cool, saline taste. Stable in air; becomes anhydrous at 150degrees. Sol in 1.3 parts water, 0.6 part boiling water. Insol in alcohol. The aq soln is slightly alkaline to litmus. pH about 8. LD 50 i.p. in rats: 6.0 mmoles/kg (Gruber, Halbeisen) . Nacl Properties: Cubic, white crystals, granules, or powder; colorless and transparent or translucent when in large crystals. d 2.17 . The salt of commerce usually contains some calcium and magnesium chlorides which absorb moisture and make it cake. mp 804degrees and begins to volatilize at a little above this temp. One gram dissolves in 2.8 ml water at 25degrees, in 2.6 ml boiling water, in 10 ml glycerol; very slightly sol in alcohol. Its soly in water is decreased by HCl. Almost insol in concd HCl. Its aq soln is neutral. pH: 6.7-7.3. d of satd aq soln at 25degrees is 1.202 . A 23% aq soln of sodium chloride freezes at minus20.5degreesC (5degreesF). LD 50 orally in rats: 3.75 plus or minus0.43 g/kg (Boyd, Shanas) . --

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