The reading concentrates the focus on 'primordial soup' - a classic experiment concocting a hodgepodge of chemical solution aimed to demystify the origin of life. The experiment is divided into several procedures. The architects of this project, Miller and his graduate advisor Urey, fisrt simulate conditions resembling those in the atmosphere and subjecting these jumbled chemicals to electrical charges. After weeks of chemical synergism, the solution turn black brown from orange, and within the liquids are identified amino acids - the very basic building blocks of living organisms. These laboratory - made amino acids, enriched by the additional ones released from the early meteor impacts, are probably the very keys to unlock the conundrum of genesis. According to the lecture, nontheless, recent researches have posed chanllenges to th discovery that supposedly unveils how life begins. The first scientific stone thrown at the Miller-Urey's primordial theory is the supply of electrical energy. It is argued that the electrical storms seen primordially might not happen so frequently, and thus might fail to unleash continuous and copious electrical charges similar to those artificially achieved in the laboratory. Another challenge rise when referring to the quantity of amino acids derived from the chemical concoction: these life-forming blocks granted by Nature's life-forming hand may lag far behind in number. Last but not the least, it is also brought up that the amino acids - or many other organic compounds - might have been released from the hammerings of meteors or springing from the pre-life earth. The primordial soup theory, therefore, might not be termed the biological Holy Grail just yet. --

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