《纽时周报全文精译》高价捐卵引争议 High Price of Donor Eggs Is Raising Controversy 王丽娟译 珊曼莎‧卡洛兰23岁时（第一次）决定捐卵给一对不育的夫妇，当时她刚从 研究所毕业。卡洛兰承认，要不是看在她拿来还掉部分学生贷款的那7千块钱（美 元）的份上，她绝不会做这种事。 Samantha Carolan was 23 and just out of graduate school when she decided to donate eggs to an infertile couple. Ms. Carolan concedes that she would never have done it if not for the money, $7,000 that she used to pay off some student loans. 後来，她又第二次取卵，拿到8,000元，目前正计画做第三次，然後休息一阵 子。 She has since had a second egg extraction, for which she was paid $8,000, and she is planning a third before taking a break. 卡洛兰现年24岁，住在新泽西州温菲德公园市。她说：「第一次很吓人。它 总是个手术，没有酬劳我想我不会答应。不过过程不怎麽痛，而且对我来说是种 很棒的经验。第二次做时，即使钱少一点，或不给酬劳，我也会愿意。」 "The first time, it's frightening," said Ms. Carolan, now 24, of Winfield Park, New Jersey. "It is surgery, and I don't think I would have done it without compensation. But I had very limited pain, and it was a great experience for me. I would have done it the second time for less money or even no compensation." 随着需求增加，近几年卵子价格暴涨，价格高到引发争议。 The price of eggs has soared in recent years as demand has increased, and the sizable payments raise controversy. 《生育与不育》期刊本月发表《卵子价格追踪》调查报告说，捐赠者获得补 偿的全国平均价格为4,217美元。至少有一家中心告诉调查报告的作者，他们付的 是1万5千美元。许多中心并未回覆作者的询问。 A survey published this month in the journal Fertility and Sterility, "What Is Happening to the Price of Eggs?" found that the national average compensation for donors was $4,217. At least one center told the authors of the paper that it paid $15,000. Many centers did not respond. 美国准许准父母补偿为捐赠卵子付出时间与精力的女性。（许多国家，包括 加拿大、英国，禁止付钱给捐卵者。） Prospective parents in the United States are allowed to compensate women for their expenditure of time and energy. (Many countries, including Canada and Britain, prohibit payments to egg donors.) 「美国生殖医学会」认为，补偿金若高於5千美元，「应有正当理由」，超过 1万美元，就「踰越了适当范围」。 The American Society for Reproductive Medicine considers compensation of $5,000 or more to "require justification" and sums exceeding $10,000 "beyond what is appropriate." 纽约州盖瑞森市的研究团体「海斯汀中心」（按；为一生物伦理学智库）的 法律与生物伦理专家约瑟芬‧强斯顿说：「真正的问题是，会不会利令智昏。」 她不反对给钱，但担心价格过高。 "The real issue is whether the money can cloud someone's judgment," said Josephine Johnston, an associate for law and bioethics at the Hastings Center, a research group in Garrison, New York. She does not oppose compensation, but she does worry about high prices. 强斯顿说：「我们听说有人付给捐卵者一大笔钱，5万或6万美元，但是这个 人同意捐赠时，对医疗过程真的了解多少，在别人说明过程、解释风险时，又到 底真的听进或思考了多少？」 "We hear about egg donors being paid enormous amounts of money, $50,000 or $60,000," Ms. Johnston said. "How much is that person actually giving informed consent about the medical procedure and really listening and thinking as it's being described and its risks are explained? " 卵子捐赠的风险还没有做过彻底的研究。虽然取卵安全无虞是多数生殖内分 泌学家的共识，英国却已出现五个死亡案例。因为问题太多，因此干细胞研究人 员承诺，绝不付钱购买卵子。 The risks have not been thoroughly studied. Although the consensus among most reproductive endocrinologists is that extraction is safe, five deaths have been reported in Britain. There are enough questions that stem cell researchers have promised not to pay for eggs. 取卵的过程可能相当痛苦。女性必须吃药停止月经，接着每天注射荷尔蒙刺 激卵巢，制造一批成熟的卵子。这些药物可能让女性变臃肿、体重上升、易怒， 还可能罹患一种名为卵巢过度刺激症候群的罕见毛病，引发危及性命的并发症、 血栓、肾衰竭。卵子是以一根针穿过阴道伸入卵巢抽取。它对身心两方面构成的 长期风险，更加难以评估。 The process of egg extraction can be painful. A woman has to take medications to stop her menstrual cycle and then daily hormone injections to stimulate her ovaries to produce a crop of mature eggs. The drugs may cause bloating, weight gain and irritability, and there is a risk of a rare condition called ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome that can cause life-threatening complications, blood clots and kidney failure. The eggs are extracted through a needle inserted through the vagina into the ovary. It is the long-term risks, both physical and psychological, that are harder to assess. 有人怀疑取卵可能危害捐赠者的生育力，批评者忧心，年轻女性捐卵，日後 却发现自己无法生育时，可能蒙受的心理创伤。 Questions have been raised about whether extraction may jeopardize the donor's fertility, and critics worry about the potential psychological harm to a donor of eggs as a young woman who later finds that she is unable to have children. 卡洛兰说，她如此决定，家人为她的健康着想而反对，友人也无法谅解。她 说：「聊起这个话题时，我告诉友人我做过这件事，他们的反应是『为什麽？老 天，你不害怕自己在外面有个小孩？』他们吓昏了。」 Ms. Carolan said her family opposed her decision because they worried about her health, and her friends did not understand. "If the topic comes up, and I tell friends I've done it, they're like: 'Why? Oh my God, aren't you afraid you have a baby out there?' They're so stunned and shocked," she said. 接着她告诉他们她拿到多少钱。她说：「後来他们的反应是『好，现在我懂 了。很酷。』大家都知道那是一笔不小的钱。」 Then she tells them how much she was paid. "And then they go, 'O.K., I understand now, that's cool,'" she said. "People understand the money." By RONI CARYN RABIN 【2007-06-01/联合报/C3版/教育】 -- 大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私语。 嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘。 间关莺语花底滑，幽咽泉流水下滩。 水泉冷涩弦凝绝，凝绝不通声渐歇。 别有幽愁暗恨生，此时无声胜有声。 银瓶乍破水浆迸，铁骑突出刀枪鸣。 曲终收拨当心画，四弦一声如裂帛。 东船西舫悄无言，唯见江心秋月白。 --

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