精测艺品 借重射线与中子 Rays and Neutrons, For the Sake of Art 蔡继光译 艺品监定之模糊与令人束手，素来有名，欧美顶尖博物馆的馆长迫切追求 精准，早就求助於核子科学仪器，向艺术宝藏发射肉眼看不见的射线，所得线 索协助解答了艺品的出处、年代及真伪的恼人问题。 VIENNA － Eager for precision in a field notorious for ambiguity and frustration, curators at top museums in Europe and the United States have long reached for the instruments of nuclear science to hit treasures of art with invisible rays. The resulting clues have helped answer vexing questions of provenance, age and authenticity. 以此法洞察艺品，如今风行全球。以打击核武扩散闻名的联合国国际原子 能总署正努力在开发中国家推广这些方法，使秘鲁、迦纳、哈萨克等地的科学 家和文物保护人士更有能力维护他们的文化遗产。 Now such insights are going global. The International Atomic Energy Agency, a United Nations unit best known for fighting the spread of nuclear arms, is working hard to foster such methods in the developing world, letting scientists and conservators in places like Peru, Ghana and Kazakhstan act as better custodians of their cultural heritage. 原子能总署主管这项作业的马提亚斯‧罗斯巴克说：「真令人振奋，我学 到很多。」 “It’s very exciting,” said Matthias Rossbach, an agency official who helps direct the endeavor. “I learn so much.” 这是原能署促进全球和平使用核子及相关科技方案的附属计画。原能署在 全球各地当警察，务期各国自制，不以欺瞒手段秘密发展核武，就某方面而言， 监定古物计画有缓解其强悍形象的作用。 The agency runs the program as an adjunct to its global advancement of nuclear and related technologies for peaceful uses. In a way, it is one of the incentives meant to offset the intrusive policing that the agency does around the world to try to make sure nations refrain from secretive cheating in pursuit of nuclear arms. 今年九月底，原能署在维也纳总部召开年会，罗斯巴克和他同事设了一个 摊位，大力宣传这项计画，也不厌其详向该署140个会员国的代表与记者解释监 定工具和用法。 Here at the agency’s headquarters, in late September at its annual conference, Dr. Rossbach and colleagues set up a booth to publicize the program and took time to explain analytic gear and its applications to a reporter and delegates from the agency’s 140 member states. 摊位上还展示数十本科学论文与文摘，阐述研究计画如何运用核子技术解 答历史与艺术之谜。 Exhibited were dozens of scientific papers and abstracts describing how research projects had used the nuclear methods to address historic and artistic riddles. 例如，中国大陆科学家以次原子粒子撞击唐朝（西元618-906年）的瓷器。 分析结果有助揭开这些艺品源自地方作坊的来历。 For instance, Chinese scientists had fired the subatomic particles known as neutrons at pottery from the Tang dynasty, which ruled China front A.D. 618 to 906. The analysis is helping them uncover the artworks’ origins in regional workshops. 北京中国科学院高能物理研究所冯松林教授接受访问时说，原能署方案「对 中国考古研究和我本人都非常有帮助」。他说，方案帮他找到最好的分析方法， 准备样本，以及学会如何诠释所得结果。 In an interview, Feng Songlin, a scientist at the Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing, said he found the agency’s program “very helpful for Chinese archaeology research and for me.” He said it had helped him ascertain the best analytical methods, prepare samples and learn how to interpret the findings. 墨西哥科学家也提出申请，用这种方法分析该国殖民时代的瓷器。结果， 有些原本以为是从西班牙进口的瓷器，却是出自本地之手。 Mexican scientists have also applied such methods to colonial-era pottery. Pieces once thought to have been imported from Spain turned out to have been made locally. 罗斯巴克说，他自己负责合作的部分，就多达15个国家，参与的科学家约 60位，时间从2005年到2008年，耗资约23万美元。他的正规工作和核武监察任 务无关，主要在协助产业善用原子科技。他告诉参观摊位的代表：「我们的钱 不多。」但他强调，即使如此，他的艺术合作夥伴却有了不起的成就。「看到 这些进展，令人精神大振。」 Dr. Rossbach said his own part of the collaboration extended to 15 countries, involved about 60 scientists and would run from 2005 to 2008 at a cost of about $230,000. His regular job involves no nuclear arms policing but rather helps industries use atomic technologies. “We don’t have a lot of money,” he said as delegates looked around the booth. Even so, he added, his art collaborators were accomplishing much. “It’s exciting to see the progress.” 这些进展的确抢眼，因为艺术圈自身技术有限，却往往被要求必须具备验 证艺品来历的能力，尤其是年代极其久远的物件。传统的历史比较法和图像法 往往不足以形成定论，有时甚至还会唬人。 The advances are striking because the world of art, when limited to its own techniques, often finds itself hard pressed to achieve basic goals like verifying the origins of pieces, especially very old ones. The standard historical approach of comparing style and iconography has often proved inconclusive or at times even deceptive. 罗斯巴克说，这项方案令他精神振奋，因为在教导他人的过程中，他也从 形形色色的文物科学监护人那里，学到关於全球艺术的丰富知识。 Dr. Rossbach said the program excited him because in the process of teaching he discovered so much about global art as well as its diverse ranks of scientific custodians. 他说：「我学到许多有关中国瓷器和波兰圣像的知识。我了解他们所用的 技术，也能讨论那些技术他们用得对不对。总之，我觉得这真是一种上乘的交 流。」 “I’ve learned about pottery, in China and icons in Poland,” he said. “I know the techniques they’re using and can discuss whether they’re doing it right. So that, I think, is a very good exchange.” By WILLIAM J. BROAD 关键字句 艺术是不朽的（timeless），其价值难以量化，不过，它的来历 （provenance/origins）、年代（age）和真伪（authenticity）却可以用讲究 精确（eager for precision）的科技来测量。 A field notorious for ambiguity and frustration点出艺术圈企图解决这个 监定难题，却始终无法竟其功，原因在於本身力有未逮，必须求助科技。 Ambiguity本意为模棱两可，在此指艺品出处、年代与真伪难定； frustration则指屡试难成的挫折。 至於欧美顶尖博物馆馆长（curators）所属意的科技，为the instruments of nuclear science，即受国际原子能总署管制的核武工具：用肉眼看不到的放射 线撞击要测量的宝物hit with invisible rays，例如中子（neutrons）。 这些都是原能署积极推动的核能和平用途（peaceful uses）。为了达成这个目 标，原能署必须以干预取缔（intrusive policing）手法，敦促刻意欺瞒、秘 密发展核武（secretive cheating）的国家自制（refrain）。 Scientific papers and abstracts指科学论文及摘要，其研究主题都与如何利 用核子技术（nuclear methods） 解决文物年代及真伪谜题（historic and artistic riddles）有关。 文中所引中国科学家以中子撞击唐代瓷器，属於非破坏性方法 （nondestructive method），不但可以从其成分确定出自哪个着名窑厂 regional workshops，也可确定其年代，让几可乱真的赝品现形。由於中国古 瓷身价不凡，这项监定科技对古物的蒐藏家而言，也是非常重要的价值保证。 ...help him ascertain the best methods帮他找到最好的方法， ascertain使…成certain确实，有发现、通知或确认的意思，此处与discover 同义，暗示从自觉无知、不确定，不了解到领悟、洞悉的过程，如 He attempts to ascertain the population of the region。 Collaboration和cooperation都源自拉丁文「一起工作」，经常交替使用， 但cooperation指工作依阶层分工，彼此独立，不太需要协调； collaboration则是若干关系密切的阶层单位或个体，必须同心协力，共同 解决问题。两个字也经常并用，语意更强，如 collaboration and cooperation in the online classroom。 （蔡继光） 【2006-11-06/联合报/B6版/UNITED DAILY NEWS】 -- 赵客缦胡缨 吴钩霜雪明 银鞍照白马 飒沓如流星 十步杀一人 千里不留行 事了拂衣去 深藏身与名 闲过信陵饮 脱剑膝前横 将炙啖朱亥 持觞劝侯赢 三盃吐然诺 五岳倒为轻 眼花耳热後 意气素霓生 救赵挥金槌 邯郸先震惊 千秋二壮士 烜赫大梁城 纵使侠骨香 不惭世上英 谁能书合下 白首太玄经 李白 侠客行 --

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