课程名称︰英语语音学(含发音练习)一 课程性质︰外文系选修 课程教师︰史嘉琳 开课学院：文学院 开课系所︰外国语文学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2015.11.18 试题 : Introduction to Phonetics Fall 2015 November 18, 2015 Test on Ladefoged/Johnson's A Course in Phonetics, Chapter Two ﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉ I. Short answer questions: give short and precise answers to the following items. ﹉﹉﹉ ﹉﹉﹉﹉ 1. (a) What is a citation form? (6%) (b) What is the danger of learning only citation forms when learning a new language? (8%) 2. (a) Explain what a phoneme is. (8%) (b) Explain what an allophone is, and give an example of a phoneme and two of its allophones. Describe the circumstances that condition each allophone.(10%) 3. Give and example of a minimal set containing three items, including both spelling and IPA forms. (6%) 4. What is a broad transcription, and for what purposes is it best suited? (8%) 5. What is a narrow transcription, and for what purposes is it most useful? (8%) 6. Why is a phonemic transcription of English quite different from regular English spelling? (8%) 7. Give two examples of RP diphthongs not found in US English, and an example word for each. (10%) 8. What is a "schwa," what is its place of articulation, and where does it typically occur in an English word or sentence? (8%) 9. Why do many speakers in the Western and other parts of the US and Canada not need to use the symbol [ɔ]? (6%) 10. a. Where in a word does the phoneme /<eng>/ not occur in English? (4%) 11. What is the phonetic symbol for the "tap", and where in a word doe it tend to occur in American English? (10%) II. Dictation (100%) --

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