课程名称︰英语语音学一 课程性质︰外文系选修、教程英文科必修 课程教师︰史嘉琳 开课学院：文学院 开课系所︰外文系 考试日期（年月日)：2014.01.08 考试时限（分钟）：约两节课 试题 : Introduction to Phonetics Final Exam Fall 2013 I. Give complete but concise answers to the following questions. 1. Explain this statement:“Part of the problem in describing vowels is that there are no distinct boundaries between one type of vowel and another.” (Ladefoged/Johnson p.87) (8%) 2. a. Define phonetic assimilation. (4%) b. Give two examples of assimilation in English. Note for each whether it is anticipatory or perseverative assimilation. (4%) 3. What is the problem of teaching and learning only the citation form in the classroom? (6%) 4. Describe two strategies employed in spoken English to avoid having two stressed syllables too close together. (8%) 5. Explain Ladefoged’s view on degrees of lexical stress in English, mentioning the two factors Ladefoged says contribute to the perceived prominence of a vowel or syllable that are not due to lexical stress. (10%) 6. Describe “stress timing” (as said to be found in English) as opposed to “syllable timing” (as in French). (8%) 7. Define the following three terms: a. intonational phrase (3%) b. tonic-stressed syllable (3%) c. downdrift (3%) 8. How can a knowledge of phonetics be useful to us in our everyday lives, and in language learning and teaching? (10%) P.S. 这题我当初写三个答案就拿到10分，请自行斟酌。 II. IPA Symbols: Fill in the consonant and vowel charts below, placing each IPA symbol in its correct spot. For the consonant, remember to take into account whether it is voiced or voiceless. P.S. 正式考题会有IPA的子音表及母音表格，就按照音的位置填上去。 选项: http://imgur.com/tX6X9fL,JYm6U6E III.Waveform segmentation and reading. Look carefully at the waveform below of a recording of an English syllable with the three segment [æ], [m], and [ʃ] (they are not necessarily in the correct order). 附图:http://imgur.com/tX6X9fL,JYm6U6E#1 (我这题全错，画的界线是不对的) 1. Task one: Segment the waveform, that is, draw vertical lines marking the beginning and end of each of the three segments. (6%) 2. Task Two: Using the three segments given above, write the symbol for the correct sound under the correct part of the waveform. (9%) IV. Compound and phrase stress. (100%) 1. table tennis ball 2. a very discerning consumer 3. live toys 4. couch-potato reaction 5. five different background screens 6. forthcoming version 7. competitive video gaming 8. fancy restaurants 9. unwanted computer equipment 10.local electronics recycling programs V. Dictation (100%) --

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