课程名称︰生理心理学 课程性质︰必修 课程教师︰赖文崧 开课学院：理学院 开课系所︰心理学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2014/11/17 考试时限（分钟）：3小时 是否需发放奖励金：是 试题 : 第一大题：配合题（每题1分共42分） I.Please match the following techniques and descriptions to answer question #1-10. Techniques decriptions ─────-────────┬──────────────────────── 1. CT │(A) detecting an immediate early gene expression 2. PET │ in cells or neurons 3. fMRI │(B) stimulation of cortical neurons through the 4. MEG │ application of strong magnetic fields 5. TMS │(C) using specific antibody-antigen binding to 6. Optical imaging │ detect a particular protein in tissues 7. in situ hybridization │(D) examining brain function by injecting 8. Immunocytochemistry │ radioactive subtance 9. c-Fos immunostaining │(E) showing the distribution of radioactive 10. autoradiography │ chemicals in tissues │(F) examining brain structure by X-Rays │(G) measures the tiny magnetic fields produced │ by active neurons in the brain │(H) detecting particular RNA transcript ans. │ in tissues FDIGBJHCAE │(I) identifying brain regions that are │ particularly active during given task by │ detecting changes in blood flow │(J) visualizing brain activity by near-infrared │ light ─────-────────┴──────────────────────── II. Please answer the following question(#11-17) regarding Fugure 1. Figure 1.(示意图不够精美请海涵，建议参考课本图) 50↑--------------------------- │ ┌-┐ 30│--------┼-┼-------------- │ │ │ │ │ │ 0│--------┼-┼-------------- mV │ │ │ │ │ │ -40│----┌─┘-│-------------- │ │ │ -60├──┘-----│--┌───── │ └─┘ └──┴─┴-┴─┴──┴───→ 　 １　２　３　４　　５ 　(A)Na+ (B)K+ (C)Relative (D)Absolute (E)Resting potential (F)Threshold (G)Depolarization (H)Repolarization (I)Action potential 1. In phase 1, open K+ channel creates the __(11)__ (-60mV). 2. In phase 2, sufficient __(12)__ of the axon results in a/an __(13)__. 3. In phase 3, the __(14)__ refractory period, voltage-gated __(15)__channels open, causing a rapid change of polarity. 4. In phase 4, open gated __(16)__ channels cause __(17)__. Ans. EGIDABH ─────-──────────────────────────────── III. Please match each of the following statements(#18-21) with its relevant hypothesis __(18)__: Primates show a correlation between clique size and size of the cortex relative to overall brain size. __(19)__: The tail of the male peacock(of the peafowl species)is energy demanding; therefore, it must confer some food gathering advantage. __(20)__: is intended to explain two different phenomena: the advantage of sexual reproduction at the level of individuals, and the constant evolutionary arms race between competing species. __(21)__: individual's learning behavior could bring alternative in population evolution. A. Red queen hypothesis B. Bottleneck effect C. Handicap principle D. Social brain hypothesis E. Baldwin effect ans.DCAE IV. Please match each of the following statement(#22-30)with a relevant type of hormones ─────-─────────────────-┬────────────── __(22)__ 1. Cretinism │A. Thyroid hormone __(23)__ 2. Aggression │B. Trisomy chromisome 21 __(24)__ 3. the 3rd eye:photosensitive cell │C. Vasopressin __(25)__ 4. Pair-bonding in male prairie voles│D. Testosterone __(26)__ 5. Milk letdown reflex │E. Melatonin __(27)__ 6. Reduce inflammation │F. Glucocorticoids __(28)__ 7. Typical antipsychotics │G. Oxytocin __(29)__ 8. Alzheimer's disease │H. Acetylcholine __(30)__ 9. Down syndrome │I. Dopamine │J. Nicotinic receptors ans.ADECGFIHB │K. Growth hormone ─────-────────────────-─┴────────────── V.Please match each of the following statements(#31-34) with its relevant effect __(31)__: The more older brothers a boy has, the more likely he is to grow up to be gay. __(32)__: a permanent alteration of the nervous system, and thus permanent change in behavior, resulting from the action of a steroid hormone on an animal early in its development. __(33)__: is a phenomenon seen in mammalian species whereby males(and to a lesser extent females)exhibit renewed sexual interest if introduced to new receptive sexual partners. __(34)__: refers to the tendency for female rodents to terminate their pregnancies following exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar male. A. The Coolidge Effect B. Bruce effect(pregnancy block effect) C. Lee-Boot Effects D. Whitten effect E. Fraternal birth order effect F. Activation effect G. organizational effect ans.EGAB VI. Please match each of the following terms or psychopharmacological drugs (#35-42)with a relevant receptor type or ion channel ─────-──────────────-┬───────────────── __(35)__. Curare │A. GABA receptors __(36)__. Tetrodotoxin(TTX) │B. Acetylcholine receptors __(37)__. G protein │C. Dopaminergic receptors __(38)__. Prozac │D. Serotonin receptors __(39)__. Marijuana │E. Opioid receptors __(40)__. Heroin │F. Cannabinoid receptors __(41)__. Amphetamine │G. Glutamatergic receptors __(42)__. Phencyclidine(PCP) │H. metabotropic receptors ans.BIHDFECG │I. Sodium channels ──-────────────────-─┴───────────────── 第二大题：名词解释：20题，每题2分，共40分 1. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) 2. Blood-brain carrier 3. Neural tube 4. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 5. Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) 6. Conditional knockout mice 7. Agonist/antagonist 8. Salutatory conduction 9. Ecological niche 10. Encephalization factor 11. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 12. Orgasm 13. SRY gene 14. HPA axis 15. Anosmia 16. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 17. Neurotrophic factors 18. Lodosis 19. Dose-response curve (DRC) 20. Down-regulation versus up-regulation 第三大题：简答申论题：4题，每题7分，共28分 1. 请论述神经传导物质与激素的作用机制，并比较两者间的相似与相异之处。 2. 请描述神经突触的型态和功能。 并且根据下图，详述并解释synaptic transmission的步骤。 （请参考Biological Psychology课本中第3章前後突触之间的反应图） 3. 请根据课本说明神经系统发展过程中的几个关键步骤， 并分别描述及说明每个步骤 的细节与目的。 4.说明何谓trinucleotide repeats? 请以课本所教授过的相关神经疾病中举一个实例， 说明这个疾患的症状以及可能的致病机转。 满分共110分 --

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