课程名称︰普通化学甲上 课程性质︰必带 课程教师︰周必泰 开课学院：理学院/工学院 开课系所︰物理学系/材料科学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2013/10/08 考试时限（分钟）：160mins 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : (215 points) 1. Write down both symbol and full name of the a. Noble gases (5), b. Alkaline earth metal families (5) 2. Write formulas for the following compounds. (20) (a) Potassium hydrogen sulfite (b) Lithium nitride (c) Chromium(II) acetate (d) Aluminium sulfate (e) Milk of magnesia (f) Gypsum (g) Lime stone (h) Nickel peroxide (i) Laughing gas (j) Tin (IV) fluoride 3. Write down the full name of the following elements, compounds or apparatus (40) a, Mn, b. Co, c. NaHCO3, d. NaHCO3, e. Na2CO3, f. Na2S2O3, g. K2Cr2O7, h. Fe(NO3)3, i. KBrO3, j. GaN, k. H3PO4, l. KMnO4, ( m.~ t.)http://ppt.cc/VMtE 4. (a) Give three resources for the cause of acid rain (5). (b) Provide a mechanism of acid rain that ruins the statue made of marble (5). (c) The power plant commonly gets rid of sulfur containing product via scrubbing sulfur dioxide. Briefly describe this method (5). 5. A solution contains the ions Ag+, Pb2+, and Ni2+. Dilute solutions of NaCl, Na2SO4, and Na2S are available to separate the positive ions from each other. To separate the ions, in which order should the solutions be added? (10) 6. For the van-der Waals equation of the real gas Pobs = (nRT)/(V-nb)-a(n/V)^2 (a) Define the coefficient a and b. (5) (b). For the following gases He, Ar, CH4, NH3, which has the largest value of a, and which has the smallest value of b, Explain (5) A plot of PV/nRT versus P for several gases (200 K) is shown below. http://ppt.cc/hrUW (c) Why PV/nRT is > 1 for H2 in any pressure (5). Explain why PV/nRT for CO2 is much more deviated from 1 (i.e. < 1) than that for CH4 (5). At high pressure such as > 800 atm the PV/nRT curve for all above gases cannot be fitted by van-der Waals equation, explain? (5) 7. Considering the following velocity distribution curves A, B and C (derived from exercise 74 and 135 of chapter 5) http://ppt.cc/0xIf (a). If the plots represent the velocity distribution of 1.0 L of He, Ne and Cl2 at STP, which plot corresponds to each gas? Explain your reasoning (5). (b). If the plots represent the velocity distribution of 1.0 L of O2(g) at temperature 273 K, 600 K and 1273 K, which plot corresponds to each temperature? Explain (5). Under which temperature condition would the O2(g) sample behave most ideally? Explain. (5) (c). The distribution of velocities of the particles in an ideal gas can be described by the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution law f(u)=4pi(m/2pi*kB*T)^(3/2)*u^2*e^(-mu^2/(2kB*T)) where u = velocity in meter/s, m = mass of a gas particle in kg, kB = Boltzmann’s constant = 1.38 x 10^(-23) J/K, T = temperature in Kelvin. Derive the most probable velocity ump (※ need a detailed derivation) (10) At a certain temperature, the probability that a gas particle has the most probable velocity is equal to one-half the probability that the same gas particle has the root mean square velocity urms at 300 K. Calculate the temperature. (5) 8. The concentration (in molecules per million molecules of “air”) of some smog components versus time of day is shown below. Please briefly describe the mechanism of the time-dependent appearance and disappearance of NO, NO2 and O3 (10) http://ppt.cc/0bhc 9. The collision rate (per second) of a gas, Z, can be expressed as http://ppt.cc/NsKd where d is the diameter of the gas particle, sqrt(8*pi*RT/M) is the average velocity uavg. (a) The relatively velocity of the primary particles becomes sqrt(2)*uavg = sqrt(2)*sqrt(8*pi*RT/M) Derive the origin of sqrt(2).(This has been derived in the class) (5). (b). Calculate the mean free path in a sample of helium gas with a volume of 5.0 L at 27oC and 3.0 atm. The diameter of a helium atom is 50 pm, atomic mass = 4 (10) 10. The Claus reactions, shown below, are used to generate elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide.(atomic mass: S = 32) H2S + O2 → SO2 + H2O (unbalanced) SO2 + H2S → S + H2O (unbalanced, Fe2O3 is used as a catalyst) (a) balance the above reaction and then calculate how much sulfur (in grams) to be produced from 48.0 grams of O2? (10) 11. Please connect the chemist/physicist listed in the left side to his/her achievement or related honor listed in the right side (sigle selection). (2 points each, 30) a. Francois Englert 1. Discovered the Ne isotopes b. Antoine Lavoisier 2. Who wrote the first chemistry book c. John Dalton 3. V is proportional to n at constant T and P d. G. P. Thomson 4. Who’s work ended the confusion of atomic mass values. e. Amedeo Avogadro 5. The first chemist to isolate O2 f. Robert Boyle 6. Solving the sructure of insulin g. J. J. Thomson 7. 2013 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry h. G. N. Lewis 8. Conductivity of electrolytes in solution i. Svante Arrhenius 9. The father of modern chemistry j. Jacques Charles 10. Absolute temperature k. Johannes N. Brønsted 11. Atomic theory l. Thomas Martin Lowry 12. The discovery of nucleus m. Martin Karplus 13. Determine the charge of electron n. Joseph Priestley 14. Holding an ascent record of 4 miles for 50 years o. Robert Millikan 15. Who named ‘photon’ p. Dorothy Hodgkin q. Johannes van der Waals r. Marie Sklodowska Curie s. Ernest Rutherford u. Stanislao Cannizzaro --

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