课程名称︰环境卫生要论 课程性质︰ 课程教师︰陈家扬 开课学院：公卫学院 开课系所︰公卫系 考试日期（年月日）︰2014/4/16 考试时限（分钟）：120min 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 1.What are the two major fuels for generating electricity in Taiwan? What are their main health effects? The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)just published the 5th assessment report(AR5) to climate change on April 13th,2014(this Sunday); we have to cut 40~70% of the emission of greenhouse gases before the mid-21th century to avoid the increase of global temperature exceeding two degrees centigrade. What are feasible approaches in Taiwan to reach the goal?(16%) 2.Japan's Cabinet approved a new energy plan on April 11,2014(last Friday) to reinstate nuclear power and defined it as an important baseload power source. This reversed the previous government's plans following the 2011 Fukushima disaster.Please comment on this policy change based on sustainability,climate change,power source stability,and health effects.(12%) 3.A leak in pipeline of Lanzhou(兰州)Petrochemical Co. was identified to contaminate the water source on April 10,2014(last Thursday)and about 200μg/L. (1)Is this a disaster based on the UN definition?(2)If you are the city authorities,what will be your responses to this impact,and how to prevent it from happening again?(3) Do you think if conventional drinking water processes are effective to remove benzene? If not,what are additional steps you may like to use?(16%) 4.Decabromodiphenyl ether(DBDE),a flame retardant,with log K(ow)of 9.0,has been found increasing levels in river sediment in Taiwan in recent years;however,the levels in fish are decreasing.Please provide the rationale on the inverse trends.Regarding human exposure,which bio-specimen(s) will be suitable to monitor the internal dose of DBDE?Which will be the major elimination route from humans?(12%) 5.Please contrast the differences in formation mechanisms and primary health effects between London-type and Los Angeles-type smog.How will sunlight impact their severity?How about if we replace all diesel buses with electric or hybrid- power buses?(14%) 6.In vitro toxicological tests(using isolated cells)are preferred ethically comparing with in vivo(using animals);nevertheless,the former is not able to substitute for the latter at this moment.What are the key reasons?(10%) 7.What are the crucial supporting factors in soild waste management in Taiwan to make the success of waste-to-energy disposal(incineration)?(12%) 8.Please take any one event of adulterated foods happended in Taiwan within one year for elucidating the potential adverse health effects?(8%) 9.Bonus question: Please take an international example for illustrating "energy policy is a global-scale health policy."(10%) --

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