课程名称︰经济学原理与实习上 课程性质︰必修 / 通识A5* 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰96.11.16 考试时限（分钟）：110 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 请在答案卷上清楚地标明题号。 一、单选题, 回答正确选项即可, 不需说明。 每题3分, 共45分。 1. A market economy rewards people according to their (a) need for goods and services. (b) willingness to work. (c) ability to produce things that other people are willing to pay for. (d) ability to produce things of cultural importance. 2. Suppose a nation is currently producing at a point inside its production possibilities frontier. We know that (a) the nation is producing beyond its capacity, and inflation will occur. (b) the nation is not using all available resources or is using inferior technology or both. (c) the nation is producing an efficient combination of goods. (d) there will be a large opportunity cost if the nation tries to increase production of any good. 3. If labor in Mexico is less productive than labor in the United States in all areas of production, (a) neither nation can benefit from trade. (b) Mexico can benefit from trade but the United States cannot. (c) the United States will have a comparative advantage relative to Mexico in the production of all goods. (d) both Mexico and the United States still can benefit from trade. 4. Each of the following is a determinant of demand except (a) tastes. (b) technology. (c) expectations. (d) the prices of related goods. 5. Last year, Sheila bought 6 pairs of shoes when her income was $40,000. This year, her income is $52,000 andshe purchased 7 pairs of shoes. Holding other factors constant and using the midpoint method, it follows that Sheila’s income elasticity of demand is about (a) 0.59 and Sheila regards shoes as an inferior good. (b) 0.59 and Sheila regards shoes as a normal good. (c) 1.7 and Sheila regards shoes as an inferior good. (d) 1.7 and Sheila regards shoes as a normal good. 6. Because the demand for wheat tends to be inelastic, the development of a new, more productive hybrid wheatwould tend to (a) increase the total revenue of wheat farmers. (b) decrease the total revenue of wheat farmers. (c) decrease the demand for wheat. (d) decrease the supply of wheat. 7. A minimum wage that is set above a market’s equilibrium wage will result in (a) an excess demand for labor, that is, unemployment. (b) an excess demand for labor, that is, a shortage of workers. (c) an excess supply of labor, that is, unemployment. (d) an excess supply of labor, that is, a shortage of workers. 8. Efficiency in a market is achieved when (a) a social planner intervenes and sets the quantity of output after evaluating buyers’ willingness to pay andsellers’ costs. (b) the sum of producer surplus and consumer surplus is maximized. (c) all firms are producing the good at the same low cost per unit. (d) no buyer is willing to pay more than the equilibrium price for any unit of the good. 9. Economists tend to see ticket scalping as (a) a way for a few to profit without producing anything of value. (b) an inequitable interference in the orderly process of ticket distribution. (c) a way of increasing the efficiency of ticket distribution. (d) an unproductive activity which should be made illegal everywhere. 10. The amount of deadweight loss that results from a tax of a given size is determined by the (a) response of buyers to the tax. (b) number of buyers in the market relative to the number of sellers. (c) price elasticities of demand and supply. (d) ratio of the tax per unit to the effective price received by sellers. 11. If the supply of land is fixed, the burden of a tax on land falls (a) partly on landowners and partly on users of land. (b) entirely on the renters or users of land. (c) entirely on workers. (d) entirely on landowners. 12. A major difference between tariffs and import quotas is that (a) tariffs create deadweight losses, but import quotas do not. (b) tariffs help domestic consumers, and import quotas help domestic producers. (c) tariffs raise revenue for the government, but import quotas create surplus for those who get the licenses toimport. (d) All of the above are correct. 13. Mike and Bob are both in the same enclosed hotel room. Mike assigns a $20 value to smoking his cigar. Bobvalues smoke-free air at $10. Which of the following scenarios is a successful example of the Coase theorem? (a) Bob offers Mike $15 not to smoke his cigar. Mike accepts and does not smoke. (b) Mike pays Bob $11 so that Mike can smoke his cigar. (c) Mike pays Bob $9 so that Mike can smoke his cigar. (d) Bob offers Mike $10 not to smoke his cigar. Mike accepts and does not smoke. 14. Which of the following is an advantage of tradable pollution permits? (a) The government knows exactly how much each firm is allowed to pollute. (b) Revenue from the sale of permits is greater than revenue from a corrective tax. (c) The initial allocation of permits to firms does not affect the efficiency of the market. (d) Firms will engage in joint research efforts to reduce pollution. 15. Suppose that Martin owns a lighthouse, and Lewis owns a nearby port. Martin’s lighthouse benefits only thoseships that enter Lewis’s port. Which of the following statements is not correct? (a) Martin’s lighthouse may be considered a private good. (b) Martin can reduce the free-rider problem by charging Lewis a usage fee. (c) Martin can exclude Lewis’s port from benefiting from the lighthouse by simply turning the power off. (d) Martin’s lighthouse would be considered a common resource. 二、非选择题, 共55分。 答题时请务必简洁, 并适当说明你的想法, 答案以能让阅卷者了解为原则。 1. (15分) 请由市场的供给与需求回答下列问题。 (a) (4分) 科罗莎台风袭台前一天的蔬菜价格如何变动。 (b) (4分) 科罗莎台风过後一天的蔬菜价格如何变动。 (c) (4分) 最近一个月来有许多关於物价上涨的报导, 包括蔬菜、威而刚、面粉和汽油等, 其中政府唯一可以确切控制价格的商品是什麽? 为什麽? (d) (3分) 「管制物价上涨是政府的责任」, 是属於 positive 还是 normative 的说法。 2. (15分) Assume the United States in an importer of cameras and there are no trade restrictions. U.S. consumers buy 2 million cameras per year, of which 0.6 million are produced domestically and 1.4 million are imported. (a) (5分) Suppose that a technological advance among Japanese Camera manufacturers causes the world price of cameras to fall by $15. Draw a graph to show how this change affects the welfare of U.S. consumers and U.S. producers and how it affecs total surplus in the United States. (b) (5分) After the fall in price, U.S. consumers buy 2.5 million cameras, of which 0.4 million are produced domestically and 2.1 million are imported. Calculate the change in consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus from the price reduction. (c) (5分) If the government responded by putting a $15 tariff on imported cameras, what would this do? Calculate the revenue that would be raised and the deadweight loss. Would it be a good policy from the standpoint of U.S. welfare? Who might support this policy? 3. (10分) 大祥、 中强和小霞组成一个社区, 该社区宵小猖獗, 若在社区内加装防盗设备, 则三人 都可以获得保护。若未加装防盗设备, 大祥的预期损失为2万元, 中强的预期损失为5万元, 小霞的预期损失则为8万元。 (a) (3分) 若防盗设备的售价为10万元, 该社区是否会有防盗设备? 谁买的? (b) (3分) 防盗设备售价在几万元以下时, 该社区会有防盗设备? 谁买的? (c) (4分) 从社会效率的角度来看, 防盗设备的价格在几万元以下时, 该社区就应有防盗设备? 假设防盗设备的价格为14万元, 应该如何达到社会有效率的情况。 4. (15分) 东风市有一条名为「雄狮大道」的快速道路, 行驶在上面的好处视用路人数而定, 二者关系如下: B = 1200 - N^2, 其中 N为用路人数, N为整数, 即N = 1,2,‧‧‧ ,10,‧‧‧ , B为每个用路人所得到的好处。 (a) (3分) 请问「雄狮大道」属於「公共财」(public goods)、「私有财」(private goods), 还是「共有资源」(common resources)? 为什麽? (b) (4分) 如果不需缴交过路费, 将有多少人行驶「雄狮大道」? 此时「雄狮大道」带来的 社会总效益为多少? (c) (4分) 社会最适 (socially optimal) 的用路人数为多少? 此时「雄狮大道」带来的 社会总效益为多少?(提示: 社会最适人数为介於18与22之间的整数。) (d) (4分) 假设东风市对用路人收取过路费T 元, 请问T值为何时, 用路人数恰为社会最适的用路人数? --

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