课程名称︰经济学原理与实习下 课程性质︰必修 / 通识A5* 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰99.06.18 考试时限（分钟）：110 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 请在答案卷上清楚标明题号。 一、单选题, 回答正确选项即可, 不需说明。 每题3分, 共45分。 1. According to the quantity equation, the price level would change less than proportionately with a rise in the money supply if there were also (a) either a rise in output or a rise in velocity. (b) either a rise in output or a fall in velocity. (c) either a fall in output or a rise in velocity. (d) either a fall in output or a fall in velocity. 2. Suppose that in some tax year you earned a nominal interest rate of 4 percent. During the time you held these funds inflation was 1 percent. You compute that you made a real after-tax interest rate of 2 percent. What was your tax rate? (a) 50 percent (b) 33.3 percent (c) 25 percent (d) None of the above are correct. 3. A Japanese firm buys lumber from the United States and pays for it with yen. Other things the same, Japanese (a) net exports increase, and U.S. net capital outflow increases. (b) net exports increase, and U.S. net capital outflow decreases. (c) net exports decrease, and U.S. net capital outflow increases. (d) net exports decrease, and U.S. net capital outflow decreases. 4. If the real exchange rate is pounds of Chilean beef per pound of U.S. beef, a pound of U.S. beef costs $2 and the nominal exchange rate is 500 Chilean pesos per dollar, then Chilean beef costs (a) 1,250 pesos per pound. (b) 800 pesos per pound (c) 250 pesos per pound. (d) None of the above is correct. 5. A Big Mac in Japan costs 240 yen while it costs $3 in the U.S.. The nominal exchange rate is 100 yen per dollar. Which of the following would both make the real exchange rate move towards purchasing-power parity? (a) the price of Big Macs in the U.S. falls, the nominal exchange rate falls (b) the price of Big Macs in the U.S. falls, the nominal exchange rate rises (c) the price of Big Macs in the U.S. rises, the nominal exchange rate falls (d) the price of Big Macs in the U.S. rises, the nominal exchange rate rises 6. Suppose that the U.S. imposes an import quota on lumber. The quota makes the real exchange rate of the U.S. dollar (a) appreciate but does not change the real interest rate in the United States. (b) appreciate and the real interest rate in the United States increase. (c) depreciate and the real interest rate in the United States decrease. (d) depreciate but does not change the real interest rate in the United States. 7. Which of the following is most likely to increase U.S. exports? (a) The government gives subsidies to U.S. firms that export goods or services. (b) The government reduces the size of the budget surplus. (c) The United States unilaterally reduces its restrictions on foreign imports. (d) Taxes on domestic saving rise. 8. Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. If there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage as well as an increase in pessimism about future business conditions, then we would expect that in the short-run, (a) real GDP will rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same. (b) real GDP will fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same. (c) the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same. (d) the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same. 9. In which case can we be sure aggregate demand shifts left overall? (a) people want to save more for retirement and the government raises taxes (b) people want to save more for retirement and the government cuts taxes (c) people want to save less for retirement and the government raises taxes (d) people want to save less for retirement and the government cuts taxes 10. An increase in the expected price level shifts short-run aggregate supply to the (a) right, and an increase in the actual price level shifts short-run aggregate supply to the right. (b) right, and an increase in the actual price level does not shift short-run aggregate supply. (c) left, and an increase in the actual price level shifts short-run aggregate supply to the left. (d) left, and an increase in the actual price level does not shift short-run aggregate supply. 11. A reduction in U.S net exports would shift U.S. aggregate demand (a) rightward. In an attempt to stabilize the economy, the government could raise taxes. (b) rightward. In an attempt to stabilize the economy, the government could cut taxes. (c) leftward. In an attempt to stabilize the economy, the government could raise taxes. (d) leftward. In an attempt to stabilize the economy, the government could cut taxes. 12. If inflation expectations decline, than the short-run Phillips curve shifts (a) left, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is lower in the short run than before. (b) right, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is lower in the short run than before. (c)right, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is higher in the short run than before. (d) left, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is higher in the short run than before. 13. If people believe that the central bank is going to reduce inflation (a) the short-run Phillips curve shifts right and the sacrifice ratio will rise. (b) the short-run Phillips curve shifts right and the sacrifice ratio will fall. (c) the short-run Phillips curve shifts left and the sacrifice ratio will rise. (d) the short-run Phillips curve shifts left and the sacrifice ratio will fall. 14. Suppose that the central bank must follow a rule that requires it to increase the money supply when the price level falls and decrease the money supply when the price level rises. If the economy starts from long-run equilibrium and aggregate demand shifts right, the central bank must (a) decrease the money supply, which will move output back towards its long-run level. (b) decrease the money supply, which will move output farther from its long-run level. (c) increase the money supply, which will move output back towards its long-run level. (d) increase the money supply, which will move output farther from its long-run level. 15. If a central bank were required to target inflation at zero, then when there was a negative aggregate supply shock the central bank (a) would have to increase the money supply. This would move unemployment closer to the natural rate. (b) would have to increase the money supply. This would move unemployment further from the natural rate. (c) would have to decrease the money supply. This would move unemployment closer to the natural rate. (d) would have to decrease the money supply. This would move unemployment further from the natural rate. 二、非选择题, 共55分。 答题时请务必简要清楚, 并适当说明你的想法, 答案以能让阅卷者了解为原则。 1.(10%) 请回答下列问题: (a)(5%) 如果石油价格突然下跌, 短期菲利浦曲线会如何移动 (左移、右移或不变)?, 短期通货膨胀率与失业率会如何变动 (上升、下降或不一定)? (b)(5%) 根据货币数量理论, 影响长期货币需求的因素有哪些? 政府增加货币供给的长期影响是什麽? 2.(17%) 假设某封闭经济体之消费需求为 C=100+0.8(Y-T); 投资需求为 I=50-2r; 政府支出 G =50; 实质货币需求为 Md/P=20+0.5Y-r; 名目货币供给为 Ms =240。 政府预算平衡故 T = G。 而短期总合供给函数为Ys =500+50(P-Pe) , 其中 Pe 为预期物价水准。 (a)(4%) 请写出货币市场均衡时的利率为何 (提示: 此时计算出的利率应是 Y 和 P 的函数。)? (b)(4%) 请写出此经济体系的总和需求函数。 (c)(4%) 请计算长期均衡时的物价水准与产出。 (d)(5%) 假设供给面发生不可预期的波动, 使得民众预期未来物价上涨。 若民众预期未来的物价将上涨至 Pe =6, 此时短期均衡的物价与产出为何? 3.(14%) 桃花源本年度总产出 (Y) 为 10000, 政府支出 (G) 为 1700, 净税收 (T) 为 1500。 桃花源的消费 (C)、 投资 (I)、 出口 (X)、 进口 (M)、 净资本流出 (NCO) 如下: C = 5500; I = 2700-50r; X =800-100E; M =330+50E; NCO =600-50r; 其中桃花源实质利率为r%, 桃花源货币的实质汇率为E。 (a)(2%) 均衡时桃花源的投资金额为何? (b)(2%) 均衡时桃花源的净出口金额为何? (c)(4%) 桃花源的均衡实质汇率是否符合购买力平价说? 依照购买力平价说, 套利行为将使桃花源物价水准、其他国家物价水准、桃花源货币名目汇率如何调整? (d)(6%) 桃花源政府为了刺激出口, 举债增加政府支出 100 来做国际形象广告。 假设桃花源的出口因为政策增加为 X =900-100E。 请问政策後的均衡利率、实质汇率各为多少 ? 桃花源的出口金额是否因为这个政策而增加? 4.(14%) 桃花源目前景气低迷, 失业率高。 政府希望透过总体政策使失业率降低。 (a)(2%) 假设桃花源的消费函数为 C =800+0.75(Y-T), 请计算政府支出乘数和定额税乘数。 (b)(2%) 承上题, 假设桃花源的政府支出完全由定额税 T 融通。 也就是说, 如果政府要增加1元支 出, 就要多收1元定额税。 如果政府想调整政府支出使总合需求增加100, 政府应该增加 还是减少支出? 要调整多少? (c)(2%) 如果政府想改用货币政策来达到政策目标, 中央银行应该调高还是降低利率? 中央银行 又要如何调整货币供给, 使均衡利率到达央行宣称的水准? (d)(4%) 当利率降到极低的水准时, 短期货币需求线为一水平线。 凯因斯把这种特殊现象称为 「流动性陷阱」。 假设桃花源正处於流动性陷阱中。 请问相较於一般状况, 此时财政 政策效果会变大, 变小, 还是不变? 为什麽? (e)(4%) 承上题, 请问相较於一般状况, 此时货币政策效果会变大, 变小, 还是不变? 为什麽? --

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