课程名称︰经济学原理与实习下 课程性质︰必修 /通识A5* 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰99.04.23 考试时限（分钟）：110 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 请在答案卷上清楚标明题号 一、单选题, 回答正确选项即可, 不需说明。 每题3分, 共45分。 1. Alicia is a vegetarian, so she does not eat beef. That is, beef provides no additional utility to Alicia. She loves potatoes, however. If we illustrate Alicia’s indifference curves by drawing beef on the horizontal axis and potatoes on the vertical axis, her indifference curves will (a) slope downward. (b) be vertical straight lines. (c) slope upward. (d) be horizontal straight lines. 2. If the consumer’s income and all prices simultaneously double, then the optimum consumption bundle will (a) shift outward relative to the old optimum. (b) move leftward along the old budget constraint. (c) not change. (d) shift inward relative to the old optimum. 3. Suppose a consumer has preferences over two goods, X and Y, which are perfect substitutes. In particular, two units of X is equivalent to one unit of Y. If the price of X is $1, the price of Y is $3, and the consumer has $30 of income to allocate to these two goods, how much of each good should the consumer purchase to maximize satisfaction? (a) 30 units of X and 0 units of Y (b) 0 units of X and 10 units of Y (c) 15 units of X and 5 units of Y (d) 12 units of X and 6 units of Y 4. An unhealthy person would likely choose a medical insurance policy with a (a) low premium and a high deductible. (b) high premium and a high deductible. (c) high premium and no deductible. (d) The unhealthy person would choose not to be insured. 5. The Condorcet paradox shows that (a) allocations of resources based on majority rule are always inefficient. (b) problems in counting votes can negate legitimate democratic outcomes. (c) the order on which things are voted can affect the result. (d) transitive preferences are inconsistent with rationality. 6. One bag of flour is sold for $1.00 to a bakery, which uses the flour to bake bread that is sold for $3.00 to consumers. A second bag of flour is sold to a consumer in a grocery store for $2.00. Taking these three transactions into account, what is the effect on GDP? (a) GDP increases by $2.00. (b) GDP increases by $3.00. (c) GDP increases by $5.00. (d) GDP increases by $6.00. 7. A German citizen buys an automobile produced in the United States by a Japanese company. As a result, (a) U.S. net exports increase, U.S. GDP is unaffected, Japanese GNP increases, German net exports decrease, and German GNP and GDP are unaffected. (b) U.S. net exports and GDP increase, Japanese GNP increases, German net exports decrease, and German GNP is unaffected, and German GDP decreases. (c) U.S. net exports and GDP increase, Japanese GNP increases, German net exports decrease, and German GNP and GDP are unaffected. (d) U.S. net exports and GDP are unaffected, Japanese GNP increases, and German net exports, GNP, and GDP decrease. 8. The CPI was 120 in 2000 and 132 in 2001. Dorgan borrowed money in 2000 and repaid the loan in 2001. If the nominal interest rate on the loan was 12 percent, then the real interest rate was (a) 2 percent. (b) 10 percent. (c) 12 percent. (d) 22 percent. 9. Suppose a country imposes new restrictions on how many hours people can work. If these restrictions reduce the total number of hours worked in the economy, ,but all other factors that determine output are held fixed, then (a) productivity and output both rise. (b) productivity rises and output falls. (c) productivity falls and output rises. (d) productivity and output fall. 10.The catch-up effect refers to the idea that (a) saving will always catch-up with investment spending. (b) it is easier for a country to grow fast and so catch-up if it starts out relatively poor. (c) population eventually catches-up with increased output. (d) if investment spending is low, increased saving will help investment to “catch-up.” 11.In the loanable funds model, an increase in an investment tax credit would create a (a) shortage at the former equilibrium interest rate. This shortage would lead to a rise in the interest rate. (b) shortage at the former equilibrium interest rate. This shortage would lead to a fall in the interest rate. (c) surplus at the former equilibrium interest rate. This surplus would lead to a rise in the interest rate. (d) surplus at the former equilibrium interest rate. This surplus would lead to a fall in the interest rate. 12. Suppose the government deficit increases, but the interest rate remains the same. Which of the following things might have happened simultaneously to keep interest rates the same? (a) The government reduces the amount that people may put into savings accounts on which the interest is tax exempt. (b) Because they are optimistic about the future of the economy, firms desire to borrow more to purchase physical capital. (c) Consumers decide to decrease consumption and work more. (d) All of the above could explain why the interest rate would be unchanged. 13. Suppose that interest rates unexpectedly rise and that Carter Corporation announces that revenues from last quarter were down but not as much as the public had anticipated they would be down. According to the efficient markets hypothesis, which of the these things make the price of Carter Corporation Stock fall? (a) both the interest rate rising and the revenue announcement (b) neither the interest rate rising nor the revenue announcement (c) only the interest rate rising (d) only the revenue announcement 14. Rita puts $10,000 into each of two different assets. The first asset pays 10 percent interest and the second pays 5 percent. According to the rule of 70, what is the approximate difference in the value of the two assets after 14 years? (a) $12,000 (b) $14,000 (c) $15,500 (d) $20,000 15. President Bigego is running for re-election against Senator Pander. Bigego proclaims that more people are working now than when he took office. Pander says that the unemployment rate is higher now than when Bigego took office. You conclude that (a) one of them must be lying. (b) both of them could be telling the truth if the labor force and employment grew at the exact same rate. (c) both of them could be telling the truth if the labor force grew slower than employment. (d) both of them could be telling the truth if the labor force grew faster than employment. 二、非选择题, 共55分。 答题时请务必简要清楚, 并适当说明你的想法, 答案以能让阅卷者了解为原则。 1. (15分) 小雨的早餐有松饼 (X)、汉堡 (Y) 和咖啡 (Z) 三种选择, 其中松饼和汉堡为完全替代, 咖啡和另外两种选择则为完全互补。换言之, 小雨吃松饼或汉堡时都需要搭配咖啡。 我们可以把效用函数表示为 U = min(X + Y, Z), 其中 min(a,b) 为一函数, 其值为 a,b 两者的最小值, 例如: min(5,4) = 4。 假设三者的价格分别为 PX = 40, PY = 60, PZ = 60, 小雨的早餐预算为 1,200 元, 回答以下问题。 (a)(2分) 请写出小雨的预算限制式。 (b)(4分) 小雨应该如何吃早餐, 以满足最大的效用。 (c)(4分) 假设北极星医学大学的研究显示, 多吃汉堡可以预防癌症, 使得小雨的效用函数变为 U = min(X + 3Y, Z), 请问此时小雨的消费选择为何? (d)(5分) 回到U = min(X +Y, Z) 的情况。 假设松饼的价格涨为70元, 此时小雨的消费选择为何? 小雨早餐预算需要增加多少, 才能让小雨保持原先松饼价格 PX = 40 时的效用水准? 2.(10分) 表 1: 1978-2008年女性劳动参与率与年龄组成 15岁以上女性年龄组成 15岁以上 15-24岁 25-44岁 45-64岁 65岁以上 1978 100% 35% 39% 20% 6% 1988 100% 27% 44% 21% 8% 1998 100% 23% 44% 23% 10% 2008 100% 17% 40% 31% 12% 女性劳动参与率 15岁以上 15-24岁 25-44岁 45-64岁 65岁以上 1978 39% 51% 41% 27% 2% 1988 46% 48% 56% 36% 3% 1998 46% 37% 63% 39% 4% 2008 50% 32% 75% 45% 5% 表 1 为1978-2008年间, 我国女性劳动参与率与年龄组成, 请回答以下问题。 (a)(3分) 请由机会成本的角度, 推论随着女性就读大学比例的提高, 女性劳动参与率应该提高或下降? (b)(7分) 1988至2008年间, 我国15岁以上女性劳动参与率仅提高4%, 但是我国大学在学女生 的数目却由1988年的93,637人增加为2008年的492,764人。 有人因此认为这是我国劳动 市场的职场环境对女性 「不友善」 所造成的。 请以表1各年龄层的女性劳动参与率和女性的年龄组成, 说明你是否同意这样的看法? 3.(15分) Economists in Funlandia, a closed economy, have collected the following information about the economy for a particular year:Y = 10,000,C = 6,000, T = 1,500,G = 1,700. The economists also estimate that the investment function is:I = 3,300-100 ×r,where r is the country’s real interest, expressed as a percentage. (a)(10分) Calculate (a) private saving (b) public saving (c) national saving (d) investment and (e) the equilibrium real interest rate. (b)(5分) If people in Funlandia decrease consumption to 5,400, will the supply of loanable funds increase or decrease? what will the equilibrium real interest rate and investment be? 4.(15分) 假设甲手头上有$100, 存入台湾银行。 台湾银行除了保留准备金 (reserve) 外, 其余存款皆借给乙。 乙借到这笔钱後, 留了$30现金在身上, 然後将剩下的金额转存 到商业银行。 商业银行同样除了保留准备金外, 其余的存款皆借给丙, 而丙完全保留这笔 钱在身边。 若此经济体的存款准备率为30%, 且所有存款皆为活存, 试回答以下问题。 (a)(4分) 银行体系中的准备金增加多少? (b)(4分) 流通在外的通货 (currency) 有多少? (c)(4分) 甲存100元到台湾银行的这一连串过程, 共创造出多少的货币供给量? (d)(3分) 货币乘数为何? --

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