课程名称︰经济学原理与实习上 课程性质︰必修 /通识A5* 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰102.01.07 考试时限（分钟）：110 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 请记得写上学号、系级、姓名, 作答时请标清楚题号。 一、选择题(45%): 不需说明, 写出正确答案即可。 1. Which of the following statements is not correct? (a) A free rider is a person who benefits from something for which he does not have to pay. (b) The creation of general knowledge is a public good. (c) The Tragedy of the Commons illustrates the underuse of a common resource. (d) A gasoline tax is an imperfect solution to the problemof traffic congestion on public roads. 2. Vertical equity in taxation refers to the idea that people (a) in unequal conditions should be treated differently. (b) in equal conditions should pay equal taxes. (c) should be taxed according to their age and experience. (d) should receive government benefits according to how much they have been taxed. 3. Suppose Jack values an ice cream at $4. Dianne values an ice cream at $6. The pre-tax price of an ice cream is $2. The government imposes a“fat tax”of $3 on each ice cream, and the price rises to $5. The deadweight loss from the tax is (a) $1 (b) $2 (c) $3 (d) $4. 4. Assume that average cost for producing 12 units is $60. If the marginal cost of the 13th unit is $52, then (a) marginal cost is declining. (b) marginal cost is rising. (c) average cost is declining. (d) average cost is rising. 5.The market price in a perfectly competitive industry in short-run equilibrium is $3, and the minimum average cost for all firms is $2.5. In the long run, we would expect an increase in (a) each firm’s output. (b) the number of firms. (c) each firm’s profit. (d) each firm’s average costs. 6. Individual firms in perfectly competitive markets are price takers because (a) the government sets all prices. (b) buyers set prices. (c) firms decide together on the best prices to change. (d) each individual firm is too small to affect the market price. 7. Price discrimination (a) is practiced only by firms with some monopoly power to determine prices. (b) refers to the practice of selling different good at different prices to different customers. (c) occurs when a company charges a higher price for high-cost goods than for low-cost goods. (d) is always illegal. 8. Which of the following conditions tells monopolistic competition from perfect competition? (a) number of sellers (b) freedom of entry and exit (c) small size firms (d) differentiation of product 9. For a profit-maximizing monopolistically competitive firm, price exceeds marginal cost (a) in the short run but not in the long run. (b) in the long run but not in the short run. (c) in both the short run and the long run. (d) in neither the short run nor the long run. 10. Cartel agreements tend to be unstable because (a) cartel agreements tend to lower profits. (b) a firm can increase its profits by cheating on the agreement. (c)agreements become unnecessary as the number of firms in the cartel increases. (d) cutting output and raising prices will benefit each firm in the cartel. 11. Sally runs a hair styling salon. Sally is a profit-maximizing owner whose firm operates in a competitive market. The marginal cost of a haircut is $11. What is the maximum wage that Sally will pay her stylists? (a) less than $11 per haircut (b) $11 per haircut (c) more than $11 haircut (d) There is insufficient information to answer this question. 12.Suppose that due to flooding in Louisiana, 100,000 farmers relocate from Louisiana to Texas.Assuming that land and labor are complements in a farming production function, what would happen to the wages earned by workers and the rents earned by landowners in Texas? (a) Both wages and rents would increase. (b) Both wages and rents would decrease. (c) Wages would increase, and rents would decrease. (d) Wages would decrease, and rents would increase. 13.Empirical research that does not account for differences in the productivities of workers (a) is unlikely to find evidence of wage differentials. (b) can provide strong evidence of labor market discrimination. (c) is likely to misinterpret apparent evidence of labor market discrimination. (d) is accepted as superior to empirical work that does correct for differences in productivity of workers. 14. Which of the following statements is characteristic of libertarianism? (a) An extra dollar of income provides higher marginal utility to a poor person than to a rich person. (b) Social policies should be created behind a “veil of ignorance.” (c) Society should strive to maximize the utility of its wealthiest member. (d) Equality of opportunity is more important than equality of incomes. 15. Which of the following Gini coefficients represents the closest income distribution to being equal? (a) 0.4218 (b) 0.2294 (c) 0.3367 (d) 0.5136 二、非选择题(55%): 答题时请适当说明你的想法, 答案内容以让批改者了解为原则。 1. (10%)请简要回答以下问题。 (a) (5%) 假设蛋塔市场是竞争市场, 原来处於长期均衡的状态。某天不知因为什麽缘故,蛋塔的市 场需求大幅增加。请问新的长期均衡价格是否有可能高於原来的均衡价格? 为什麽? (b) (5%) 桃花源的棉被产业是完全竞争市场,而武陵的棉被产业是垄断性竞争市场。假设两地的棉 被总产量相同,所有厂商的成本结构也都相同。请问在长期均衡时,哪个地方生产棉被的总 成本较高? 哪个地方的厂商数较多? 2. (15%) 桃花源有两个渔夫:老陶和春花。他们各自正在考虑是否要兴建灯塔。如果桃花源有灯塔, 老陶可以得到相当於50万元的好处,而春花可以得到100万元的好处。但如果两人都建了灯 塔,也就是桃花源有两座灯塔时, 他们从灯塔得到的好处并不会增加。假设兴建灯塔的成 本为X 万元( X > 0 ), 老陶和春花无法阻止另一人使用灯塔。 (a) (2%) 请问灯塔对老陶和春花两人来说是私有财, 公共财, 还是共有资源? (b) (4%) 请用赛局矩阵描述本题情境。 (c) (4%) 请问X 在什麽范围, 在Nash均衡时, 桃花源一定会有灯塔? 灯塔将由谁来建造? (d) (2%) 承上题, 从效率的观点, 此时桃花源是否应该要有灯塔? (e) (3%) 请问X 在什麽范围,在Nash均衡时,桃花源会有搭便车(free-rider)的问题(也就是说, 根据 效率的观点桃花源应该兴建灯塔, 但均衡时却没有人愿意建灯塔)? 3. (15%) 春花公司是桃花源棉被产业的独占厂商, 其总成本函数为TC(q) = 20q + 100, q 为春花 公司的棉被产量。桃花源的棉被需求为Q = 100-2P。 (a) (4%) 请问均衡时桃花源的棉被价格和产量各是多少? 春花公司的利润是多少? 棉被市场的无 谓损失是多少? (b) (4%) 假设政府对棉被生产者课每单位棉被$10的从量税。请计算此时棉被的均衡价格、产量, 以及棉被市场的无谓损失。 (c) (4%) 假设政府取消对棉被生产者课税,改对消费者课每单位棉被$10的从量税。请计算此时棉 被的均衡价格、产量, 以及棉被市场的无谓损失。 (d) (3%) 假设对消费者或生产者课税的行政成本(administrative burden) 相同。请分别从消费者 、生产者和效率的角度, 说明(b)、(c)两种课税方式有何差异。 4. (15%) T 国劳工可以选择在T国劳动市场工作, 或是到F国外劳市场工作。然而, T国劳工必须 透过仲介公司才能到F国工作, 市场中只有这一家仲介公司。此外, 在F国工作的T国 劳工(外劳) 适用F 国的最低工资, 而T 国劳动市场没有最低工资管制。 下图描述两个劳动市场的供需,其中w为F国的最低工资水准。 图:http://imgur.com/qOupCA3 (a) (2%) 仲介公司最多可以向每单位外劳收取多少仲介费? 此时,外劳实际得到的工资是多少? (b) (9%) 假设F国政府决定降低最低工资水准至w*,其中Wo < w* < w__ 将上图复制到你的答案卷上,并用文字和图形说明F国降低外劳最低工资对以下各项的影响。 请注意: 你必须考虑F国降低最低工资水准对T国劳动市场的影响。 ‧ 两个劳动市场中, T国劳工实际得到的工资 ‧ 在F国工作的T国劳工数量 ‧ 仲介公司对每单位外劳收取的仲介费 (c) (4%) 如果F国政府降低最低工资水准, 以下谁将是受益者? 谁又是受害者? 请考虑: (1) 在T国劳动市场工作的劳工, (2) 在F国工作的T国劳工, (3) 雇用外劳的F国厂商, (4) 仲介公司。 --

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