课程名称︰经济学原理与实习上 课程性质：必修 /通识 A5* 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰101.11.09 考试时限（分钟）：110 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 作答时请标清楚题号。 一、选择题(45%): 不需说明, 写出正确答案即可。 1.You won a free ticket to see a Jolin Tsai concert (which has no resale value). Jay Chou is performing on the same night and is your next-best alternative activity. Tickets to see Jay Chou cost $80. On any given day, you would be willing to pay up to $100 to see Chou. Assume there are no other costs of seeing either performer. Based on this information, what is the opportunity cost of seeing Jolin Tsai? (a) $0 (b) $20 (c) $80 (d) $100. 2.The difference between positive and normative science is that positive science deals with (a) what has been, whereas normative science deals with what will be. (b) value judgments, whereas normative science deals with the facts. (c) testable propositions, whereas normative science deals with value judgments. (d) what will be, whereas normative science deals with what has been. 3.Refer to the following table for production possibilities of the US and France. wine bread (bottles/worker-year) (loaves/worker-year) U.S. x 24 France 8 x What one value of x for both entries above would give U.S. absolute advantage in bread but comparative advantage in wine? (a) 16 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 4. 4. The production possibilities frontier is a downward-sloping straight line when the (a) opportunity cost of producing each good depends on the amount produced. (b) technology of production is constant. (c) opportunity cost of producing each good is independent of the amount of the good produced. (d) economy is industrialized. 5. When an economy is operating inside its production possibilities frontier, we know that (a) there are unused resources or inefficiencies in the economy. (b) all of the economy’s resources are fully employed. (c) economic growth would have to occur in order for the economy to move to a point on the frontier. (d) in order to produce more of one good, the economy would have to give up some of the other good. 6. Faculties pay $15 per year for a parking permit, but many complain that they are not able to find a parking place in designated university lots. This suggests that (a) the price paid is above equilibrium. (b) the price paid is below equilibrium. (c) the price paid is at equilibrium. (d) the university should make parking free. 7. "A number of mass transit systems have been experiencing declining revenues despite fare increases.” Assuming that the demand for mass transit has not changed (i.e., that the demand curve has not shifted), the above statement implies that (a) the demand for mass transit is elastic with respect to price. (b) the demand for mass transit is inelastic with respect to price. (c) mass transit is a normal good. (d) mass transit is an inferior good. 8. Kuo S. Huang estimated the elasticity of demand for beef to be 0.62 and the elasticity of demand for milk to be 0.04. Which of the following would be an explanation of the difference in elasticity? (a) Milk comprises a greater portion of one’s income. (b) Milk has fewer substitutes than does beef. (c) Milk is less of a necessity than beef. (d) Milk is more specifically defined than beef. 9. When the price of kittens was $25 each, the pet shop sold 20 per month. When they raised the price to $35 each, they sold 14 per month. The price elasticity of demand for kittens is about (a) 1.66 (b) 1.06 (c) 0.94 (d) 0.6. 10.Which of the following statements about the effects of rent control is correct? (a) The short-run effect of rent control is a surplus of apartments, and the long-run effect of rent control is a shortage of apartments. (b) The short-run effect of rent control is a relatively small shortage of apartments, and the long-run effect of rent control is a larger shortage of apartments. (c) In the long run, rent control leads to a shortage of apartments, and the quality of available apartments is improved by rent control. (d) The effects of rent control are very noticeable to the public in the short run, because the primary effects of rent control occur very quickly. 11. Suppose supply for electricity is perfectly elastic. A tax on electricity will be (a) split between producers and consumers in equal shares. (b) paid only by producers. (c) paid only by consumers. (d) split between producers and consumers in unequal shares. 12. If minimum wage is established above the equilibrium wage rate in the unskilled labor market, (a) employers will be unable to find enough qualified applicants to fill the available positions. (b) the number of job seekers will exceed the number of job vacancies, resulting in some unemployment. (c) employers will be forced to hire more workers, resulting in reduced profits. (d) there will be a shortage in this labor market. 13. Domestic producers gain from the opportunity to export goods to foreign countries because (a) the free-trade price of the good is higher than the domestic price in the absence of trade. (b) producers are able to reach a wider market. (c) although the free-trade price is lower than in the absence of trade, producers are able to sell a greater quantity. (d) production rises, although there is no change in the price of the good compared to the no-trade situation. 14. Andre walks Julia’s dog once a day for $50 per week. Julia values this service at $60 per week, while the opportunity cost of Andre’s time is $30 per week. The government places a tax of $35 per week on dog walkers. After the tax, what is the loss in total surplus? (a) $50 (b) $30 (c) $25 (d) $0. 15. Market failure in the form of externalities arises when (a) production costs are included in the prices of goods. (b) not all costs and benefits are included in the prices of goods. (c) the benefits exceed the costs of consuming goods. (d) the market fails to achieve equilibrium. 二、非选择题(55%): 答题时请适当说明你的想法, 答案内容以让批改者了解为原则。 1. (10%) 桃花源的桃子国内供给为QS = 2P, 需求为QD = 300-P。桃花源的乡民可以买国内供给的桃 子, 也可以用每单位$60 从国外进口桃子。 (a) (4%) 请问桃子的均衡价格和消费量各为何? 桃花源桃农生产多少桃子? 进口多少桃子? (b) (4%) 假设桃花源政府为了保护桃子产业,决定对进口桃子课每单位$20的关税。请问均衡时桃 子的价格和消费量各为何? 桃花源桃农生产多少桃子? 进口多少桃子? (c) (2%) 承上题, 假设桃花源取消关税, 改用进口配额, 限制桃子进口量最多不得超过140单位。请 问均衡时桃子的价格和消费量各为何? 桃花源桃农生产多少桃子? 进口多少桃子? 2.(15%) 政府规定棉被产业的雇主必须提供每一位劳工定期健康检查。雇主提供健康检查的成本 为每位劳工$3,000;而每位劳工皆认为这项健康检查对自己的价值为$2,000。 (a) (5%) 假设棉被产业的劳动需求斜率为负,劳动供给斜率为正。请用供需图形和文字说明: 这个政策对棉被产业均衡劳工雇用量的影响。 (b) (2%) 承上题, 请在你的图形中标出雇主雇用每位劳工的实际支出和每位劳工的实际报酬。 (c) (6%) 承上题, 请在你的图形中标出: 在这个政策之下, 雇主的剩余、劳工的剩余, 以及社会的无谓损失。 (d) (2%) 承上题, 请问在这个政策之下, 劳工是否受惠? 雇主是否受惠? 3. (15%) 请判断下列叙述是否正确, 并简要说明。 (a) (5%) 若政府希望降低人们看病的次数, 则应调高每个人缴的健保保费, 而非部份负担比例。 (b) (5%) 发生天灾时, 市场便不能有效率的分配资源, 产生市场失灵。例如SARS 疫情爆发时, 若没有政府管制口罩价格, 不肖业者就会趁机抬高价格, 让真正有需要的人买不到口罩。 (c) (5%) 如果我们确定A、B 两件事有因果关系, 但不知道何者是因, 何者是果, 那麽我们可以 想办法找出A、B 发生的时间先後。因为原因总是发生在结果之前, 我们就能藉由发生 的先後顺序来判断何者为因, 何者为果。 4. (15%) 袁老板生产棉被,为他带来X万元的效益。然而,生产棉被时会产生噪音,噪音对隔壁的 春花诊所造成50万元损害。如果袁老板停止生产棉被, 就不会产生噪音,此时袁老板的 效益为0。 (a) (3%) 政府认为噪音产生外部伤害, 因此决定课徵噪音税50万元, 袁老板一旦制造噪音就会被课 税。请问X在什麽范围时, 课徵噪音税会产生无效率的结果? (b) (4%) 承上题, 假设袁老板可花30 万元改用不会产生噪音的设备。请问X在什麽范围时, 课徵噪音税50万元会产生无效率的结果? (c) (4%) 承上题,再假设春花诊所可花20万元加装隔音设备,免除噪音的伤害(然而,噪音依旧存在, 只是没有人会受到伤害)。请问X在什麽范围时,课徵噪音税50万元会产生无效率的结果? (d) (4%) 承上题,如果政府放弃噪音税政策,但规定春花诊所有免於噪音的权利,袁老板必须取得春花诊 诊所的同意方能进行生产。请问X在什麽范围时会产生无效率的结果? --

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