课程名称︰ 经济学一 课程性质︰ 选修兼A5通识 课程教师︰ 李晓云 开课学院： 开课系所︰ 考试日期（年月日）︰2012/12/18 考试时限（分钟）：120min. 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : I 单选题(35% 每题5分) 1. How does a club good differ from a public good? (a) A club good is consumed by many people together (b) One person consuming a club good doesn't interfere with consumption of the good by others (c) A club good has a high fixed cost (d) Users of a club good can be forced to pay 2. Under what conditions might a tax cause no deadweight loss? (a) When demand is perfectly inelastic (b) When supply is perfectly inelastic (c) When the market is subject to negative externalities (d) Both (a) and (b) 3. Williams walks Carolyn's dog once a day for $50 per week. Carolyn values this service at $60 per week, while the opportunity cost of Williams' time is $30 per week. The government places a tax of $35 per week on dog walkers . After the tax , what is the loss in total surplus? (a) $50 (b) $30 (c) $25 (d) 0 4. When a buyer's willingness to pay for a good is equal to its price, (a) the buyer will buy as much of the good as the buyer's budget allows (b) the price of the good exceeds the value that the buyer places on the good (c) the buyer is indifferent between buying the good and not buying it (d) the buyer's consumer surplus for that good is maximized 5. An important difference between a tariff and a quota is that (a) tariff reduce imports but quotas do not (b) tariff hurt foreign producers but quotas do not (c) a tariff typically generates tax revenue while a quota does not (d) governments can lift quotas at any time but a tariff can not 6. When a negative externality exists in a market, the cost to producers (a) will be the same as the cost to society (b) will be less than the cost to society (c) will differ from the cost to society, regardless of whetehr an exernality is present (d) is greater than the cost to society 7. In many cases the Coase theorem dose not work well because (a) there are too few pqrties at the negotiation table (b) trasaction osta are too low (c) the government does not know about the Coase theorem (d) transaction costs are too high II 是非问答题(15% 请於答案卷上注名「T」or「F」，并简短说明理由) 未说明者或未标注T or F 者不予计分，解释请勿超过30字，违者扣分 1. Internalizing a negative externality will cause an industry to decrease the quantity it supplies th the market and decrease the price of the good produced. 2. When classifying types of goods in the economy , two characteristics should be examined. a. Rivalty in consumption: the property of a good whereby a person can be prevented from using it. b. Excludability: the property of a good whereby one person's use diminishes other people's use. 3. Deadweight loss measures the loss of equality in a market due to government inetervention. III 分析题(50% 作答时请务必标示清楚，标示不清或无计算过程不予计分) 1. International Trade(20% 4;8;8) Suppose the U.S. government imposes a $0.4 per pound tariff on rice imports. Figure8-2 shows the impact of this tariff. Use the figure to answer the following question(s). price │ (dollars per │ pound) │╲ │ ╲ ∕ US supply │ ╲ ∕ │ ╲ ∕ │ ╲ ∕ │ ╲ ∕ │ A ∕ │ ∕ ╲ ∣ ∕ ╲ ∣ ∕ B ╲ $1.00┼────∕─────`───────────────Pw + tariff ∣ ∕│ │╲ ∣ C ∕D│ E │F ╲ $0.60┼───—─────────`───────────world price(Pw) ∣ ／│ │ │ ╲ ∣G ／ │ │ │ ╲ ∣／H │I│ J │ K ╲ ∣ │ │ │ ╲ └────────────────────────────── 0 9 15 31 42 a. 请利用途中的代号描述美国政府可以收到的关税利益 b. 请利用途中的代号描述生产者及消费者剩余在课税後的变化区块 c. 美国政府此次课税是对社会总福利造成影响?如果有，请利用途中代号描述；并举 例说明为何政府在明知道对社会福利造成影响的情况下，仍然认为课徵关税是必要 之措施。 2. Externalities(15% 7;4;4) 请阅读以下叙述，并回答下列问题 「根据媒体报导，高屏地区空气品质糟糕，环保团体续实施空污量管制。其中有很大的原 因是因为南台湾为台湾的工业重心，在工业蓬勃带动台湾经济的同时，所排放出来的废气 也开始伤害到居民的生活品质。举例来说，高雄市兴达、大林、南部三座火力发电厂提供 了生活用电，但燃烧煤炭所排放出的废弃也造就了高屏地区的空气污染。」 a. 绘图说明火力方电厂运作过程中，社会福利的最大发电量(Q*)与台湾电力公司(生 产者)利润最大发电量(Q1)之关系。 b. 政府可以利用什麽方法，使电力公司的发电量从Q1改为Q*? c, 如果政府把发电厂关闭，请在涂上说明社会福利的损失有多大? 3. Public Goods and Common Resources(15% 5;4;6) 国防部宣布，民国103年底正式实施募兵制。然而面临是否充足的问题，国防部方面始终 没有一个答案。就经济学角度而言，国防是经济学上定义的公共财，而国防(公共财)的 最是数量，则由人们决定。 假设我们将人区分为男性和女性(人妖不论)，男性与女性对国防的需求函数分别为 P=10-Q 和 P=6-Q，请回答下列问题。 a. 请求算社会对於国防武器的总需求 b. 假设一单位国防的价格为5，请问最适的国防需求量为多少 c. 请问在最是国防需求量之下，男性与女性的消费者剩余分别为多少? IV 加分题(15%) 告别单身主义者认为，单方结婚才能保障人类在男女关系中免於被歧视剥削；若是两愿结 婚，则宅男或腐女会被迫留在此一压迫与歧视单身的社会中。 试以Coase theorem 诠释此一论点。 --

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