课程名称︰分析化学乙上 课程性质︰生技系、农化系必修，森林系生物材料学群必修 课程教师︰刘春樱 开课学院：理学院 开课系所︰化学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2012.11.09 考试时限（分钟）：140分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : I. Explain the different between:(28%) (a) constant and proportional error (b) random and systematic error (c) limit of detection and limit of quantitation (d) a colloid and a crystalline precipitate (e) peptization and coagulation of a colloid (f) pipet and volumetric flask; inclusion and occlusion (g) selectivity and sensitivity II.Problems (A1)Distinguish raw data, treated data, and results. (A2)Calculate the standard deviation of the frsult of [14.3(±0.2)—11.6(±0.2)]x0.050(±0.001) -6 ——————————————————————=1.725(±?)x10 [820(±10)+1030(±5)]x42.3(0.4) (3%) (1) The solubility product Ksp for the silver salt AgX is 4.0(±0.4)x10^-8. What is the uncertainty in the calculated solubility of AgX in water? (3%) (2) How are systematic method errors detected? (4%) (3) An aqueous solution contains NaNO3 and KBr. The bromide ion is precipitated as AgBr by addition of AbNO3. After an excess of the precipitating regent has bees added. (3%) (a)What is the charge on the surface og the coagulated colloidal particle? (b) What is the source of the charge? (c) What ions make up the counter-ion layer? (4) (a) Define precipitation from homogeneous precipitation and give an example. (b) What's the advantage of the method? (5% (5) Based on the mechanixm of precipitate formation, please give a figure to show the effect of relative supersaturation of particle size and explain all the scientific terms in this figure. (6) (a) Describe the cases we need use the internal stasdards, and (b) How to chosen an appropriate internal standard? (7) The following results were oqtained for the determination of the ppm P in blood serum: 4.40, 4.42, 4.60, 4.48, 4.50. Determine whether 4.60ppm result is an outlier or should be retained at the 95% convidence level. (5%) Number of observations G (95% confidence) 4 1.463 5 1.672 6 1.882 7 1.938 8 2.032 9 2.110 10 2.176 11 2.234 12 2.285 15 2.409 20 2.557 (8) A 30.00mL of 0.0502 M KCl KBr was tetrated with 0.0845 MAgNO3. Please calculate the titration error in the analyses of the mixture. (Ksp for AgCl is 1.8x10^-10; for AgBr is 5.2x10^-13) (8%) (9) A class of 30 students determined the activation energy of a chemical reaction to be 27.7kcal/mol (mean value )with a standard deviation of 5.2 kcal/mol. Are the data in agreement with the literature value of 30.8 kcal/mol at (1) the 95% confidence level and (2) the 995 confidence level? Estimate the probability of obtaining a mean equal to the literature value. (10%) (10)The method of standard addition is applicable when the sample composition is unknown or complex. The following standard addition equation is for one point data. Please derive the equation first from the following equation, when ellustrate to show the graphical treatment for (a) variable total molume, and (b) constant malume standard addition [X] I i X ——————————— = ————— [X] +[S] I f f S+X Vo Vs [X] = [X] ( ———) [s] = [s] (———) f i V f i V (11)What is the meaning of a confidence interval ? How is a control chart used (no need to state the six indications that a process is going out of control.)? Please explain the following figure. 5.5 ├ │------------------------.-------------------------------- │ Avtion line │ │ │———————————————— .———————————— │ . . . Warming line │ . . . │ . . . . . . │. .. . . . . . 5.0 ├─────────‧────────. ───. ─ .──.. w . │ . .. . . . . . │ . . │ . . │ . . │ . . . Warming line 4.5│———————————————————————.X————— ├ │ Action line │ 4.0 │--------------------------------------------------------- │ Analysus data (本图完整图形请参照课本) (12) (a)Is s from the substitute instrument "signigicantly" greater than s from the original instrument?(b) hether the two mean value of 36.14 and 36.30mM are significantly different from each other? a Table Measurement of HCO3- in horse blood Original instrument Substitute instrument _ Mean(x mM) 36.14 36.20 Standard deviation (s,mM) 0.28 0.47 Number of measurement(n) 10 4 a.Data from M. Jarrett.D.BHibbert, R. osborn. and E.B.Young. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.2010.397.717 (考试附有F test 和 t test查表) --

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