课程名称︰生物统计学 课程性质︰生科必修 课程教师︰林曜松 开课学院：生命科学院 开课系所︰生科系 考试日期（年月日）︰2012/12/17 考试时限（分钟）：120分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 1.Explain th following terms(30%;第1-6题「简答」各4%;第7题6%) (1)ANOVA (2)Coefficient of determination (3)Regression coefficients (4)Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (5)Student-Newman-Keuls test (6)Interaction in Factorial design (7)Model assumptions of simple linear regressing 2.QCR. True or False. Justify your answer. (1)The Chi-square goodness of fit test can be done on percentages, relative frequencies, or actual counts. (2)In general the expected values for each category in a chi-square goodness of fit test should be at least 5. (3)Use of chi-square analysis on discrete count data is an approximation because the chi-square distribution is actually continuous. (4)Regression analysis differs from correlation analysis because we assume the independent variable, X, in regression is under our control and is measured without error. (5)Blocking will always decrease the poer of an ANOVA. (6)In a factorial design two-way ANOVA with a significant interaction, the cell means which combine the two types of main effects can be separated with an SNK test. (7)Blocking in two-way ANOVA removes or controls for variability that is explainable, but not germane to the null hypothesis of interest. (8)When comparing more than two independent means, multiple t tests can substitute for analysis of variance. (9)The Kruskal-Wallis Test is considered a nonparametric analog to a Model II, One-Way ANOVA and is often used in place of the more complicated ANOVA. (10)Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is the Pearson product-moment correlation calculated on ranks of the data rather than on the original data. 3.A preliminary study at Lady Elliot Island on the Great Barrier Reef was conducted to investigate how different species of encursiting sponge compete for and partition the space available on the underside of small boulders in the intertidal zone. Six boulders were examined and the percent cover by each of there difference species of sponge(determined by color) was examined by using a grid. Is there a difference in the space colonized by the different species of sponges?【analysis with nonparametric test】 (10%) Boulder Peach Black Cream 1 30 24 8 2 17 8 10 3 33 18 12 4 18 34 2 5 25 20 25 6 50 11 15 (考卷上有提供无母数计算公式) 4.In the study of hermit crab behavior carried out at Lady Elliot Island, a random sample of two types of gastropod shells was collected. Each shell collected was occupied by ine of two species of hermit crab. Do both species of hermit crabs occupy each shell type in the same proportion, i.e., are the distributions of the two species of crabs the same in both types of shell? Carry out the test at the α=0.01 level. (10%) Species Clusterwink Cirithid Total Crab A 40 20 60 Crab B 15 25 40 Total 55 45 100 5.The laughing kookaburra, Dacelo novaguineae, is a large terrestrial kingfisher native to eastern Australia. Laughing kookaburras live in cooperatively breeding groups of two to eight birds in which a dominant pair is assisted by helpers that are its offspring from previous seasons. These helpers are involved on all aspects of clutch, nestling, and fledgling care. Does increased group size lead to an increase in mean fledging success? Use the data above to determine whether there was a significant difference in the mean number of fledgings among groups of different sizes. Use mean separation techniques if required. (15%) Group size 3 4 5 6 --------------------------- ΣX 12 35 30 48 s 2 2 3 4 n 6 7 5 6 6.For a project in her physiology class, a student investigates two lifestyle factors affecting blood pressure: diet and smoking. For a number of her classmates (all female) she determines their smoking habits, the amount of sodium in their systolic blood pressure. Analyze the data as a factorial design ANOVA and explain the results. (15%) factor A ---------------------------------------- Moderate High ---------------------------------------- 10 12 Nonsmokers 12 13 14 15 Factor B -------------------------------- 14 16 smokers 15 17 16 18 --------------------------------------- 7.The yield of cotton is particulary sensitive to rainfall. Dry weather during the critical growth period in June appears to slow growth considerably judging from these records from an agricultural experiment station about June rainfall and yield of cotton. (10%) June rainfall (cm) Yield(t/acre) ---------------------------------------- 3 4 4 5 5 12 6 16 8 19 10 22 ---------------------------------------- (a)Calculate r for these data. (b)Are rainfall and cotton yeild correlated? Include a test of H0:ρ=0. What is the t value for this test of hypothesis? 备注： 考试有附以下五个表 (1)Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution (Z table) (2)Student's t Distribution (t table) (3)Cumulative Chi-square Distribution (4)Cumulative F distribution (0.90) (5)Cumulative F distribution (0.95) --

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