课程名称︰经济学原理与实习下 课程性质︰ 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院： 开课系所︰ 考试日期（年月日）︰2012.06.18. 考试时限（分钟）：130分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 一、选择题 (45%)：不需说明，写出正确答案即可。 1. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) All items that are included in M1 are included also in M2. (b) All items that are included in M2 are included also in M1. (c) Credit cards are included in both M1 and M2. (d) Savings deposits are included in both M1 and M2. 2. The manager of the bank where you work tells you that your bank has $5 million in excess reserves. She also tells you that the bank has $300 million in deposits and $255 million dollars in loans. Given this information you find that the reserve requirement must be (a) 50/255. (b) 40/255. (c) 50/300. (d) 40/300. 3. When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, if the Federal Reserve sells bonds, then the money supply curve (a) shifts rightward, causing the value of money measured in terms of goods and services to rise. (b) shifts rightward, causing the value of money measured in terms of goods and services to fall. (c) shifts leftward, causing the value of money measured in terms of goods and services to rise. (d) shifts leftward, causing the value of money measured in terms of goods and services to fall. 4. You put money into an account and earn a real interest rate of 6 percent. Inflation is 2 percent, and your marginal tax rate is 20 percent. What is your after-tax real rate of interest? (a) 4.8 percent. (b) 3.2 percent. (c) 2.8 percent. (d) None of the above is correct. 5. AMexican flour mill buys wheat from the United States and pays for it with pesos. Other things the same, Mexican (a) net exports increase, and U.S. net capital outflow increases. (b) net exports increase, and U.S. net capital outflow decreases. (c) net exports decrease, and U.S. net capital outflow increases. (d) net exports decrease, and U.S. net capital outflow decreases. 6. The nominal exchange rate is 4 Saudi Arabian riyals, 9Moroccan dirham, 45 Indian rupee, or .6 British pounds per U.S. dollar. A double latte espresso and a cinnamon biscotti costs $6 in the U.S., 24 riyals in Saudi Arabia, 45 Moroccan dirham in Morocco, 250 Indian rupees in India, and 5 British pounds in Britain. According to these numbers, where is the real exchange rate between American and foreign goods the lowest? (a) Saudi Arabia. (b) Morocco. (c) India. (d) Britain. 7. The quantity of U.S. bonds foreigners want to buy is taken into account (a) in the U.S. supply of loanable funds and the supply of dollars in the market for foreigncurrency exchange. (b) in the U.S. supply of loanable funds and the demand for dollars in the market for foreigncurrency exchange. (c) in the U.S. demand for loanable funds and the supply of dollars in the market for foreigncurrency exchange. (d) in the U.S. demand for loanable funds and the demand for dollars in the market for foreign-currency exchange. 8. Which of the following is most likely to result if foreigners decide to withdraw the funds that they have loaned to the United States? (a) U.S. net exports will rise. (b) U.S. net capital outflow will fall. (c) U.S. domestic investment will rise. (d) the dollar will appreciate. 9. In which case can we be sure aggregate demand shifts left overall? (a) people want to save more for retirement and the government raises taxes (b) people want to save more for retirement and the government cuts taxes (c) people want to save less for retirement and the government raises taxes (d) people want to save less for retirement and the government cuts taxes 10.If speculators bid up the value of the U.S. dollar in the market for foreign exchange, then (a) U.S. goods become more expensive relative to foreign goods so aggregate demand shifts right. (b) U.S. goods become less expensive relative to foreign goods so aggregate demand shifts right. (c) U.S. goods become more expensive relative to foreign goods so aggregate demand shifts left. (d) U.S. goods become less expensive relative to foreign goods so aggregate demand shifts left. 11.The economy is in long-run equilibrium. Suppose that automatic teller machines (ATM) become cheaper and more convenient to use, and as a result the demand for money falls. Other things equal, we would expect that, in the short run, (a) the price level and real GDP would rise, but in the long run they would both be unaffected. (b) the price level and real GDP would rise, but in the long run the price level would rise and real GDP would be unaffected. (c) the price level and real GDP would fall, but in the long run they would both be unaffected. (d) the price level and real GDP would fall, but in the long run the price level would fall and real GDP would be unaffected. 12.A policy that raised the natural rate of unemployment would shift (a) both the short-run and the long-run Phillips curves to the right. (b) the short-run Phillips curve right but leave the long-run Phillips curve unchanged. (c) the long-run Phillips curve right but leave the short-run Phillips curve unchanged. (d) neither the long-run Phillips curve nor the short-run Phillips curve right. 13.If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the right, then for any given rate of money growth and inflation the economy has (a) higher unemployment and lower output. (b) higher unemployment and higher output. (c) lower unemployment and lower output. (d) lower unemployment and higher output. 14.Suppose that the central bank is required to follow a monetary policy rule to stabilize prices. If the economy starts at long-run equilibrium and then aggregate supply shifts right the central bank would have to (a) increase the money supply, which causes output to move closer to its long-run equilibrium. (b) increase the money supply, which causes output to move farther from long-run equilibrium. (c) decrease the money supply, which causes output to move closer to its long-run equilibrium. (d) decrease the money supply, which causes output to move farther from long-run equilibrium. 15.Which of the following is not correct? (a) Deficits give people the opportunity to consume at the expense of their children, but deficits do not require them to do so. (b) Deficits and surpluses could be used to avoid fluctuations in the tax rate. (c) The only times deficits have increased have been during times of war or economic downturns. (d) Reducing the budget deficit rather than funding more education spending could, all things considered, make future generations worse off. 二、非选择题 (55%)： 答题时请适当说明你的想法，计算题请说明推理过程，答案内容以让批改者了解为原则。 1. (7%) 请回答底下问题。 (a) (4%) 如果国际情势动荡不安，国际上大量的资金都转而购买美国资产。请利用可贷 资金市场与外汇市场的模型，分析美金的汇率，利率，物价与产出会如何变化？ (b) (3%) 某经济体目前的失业率高於自然率，政府欲使用宽松的货币政策来降低失业率 。然而连续施行两轮後皆不见成效。根据菲利浦曲线理论，你认为这是为什麽？ 2. (12%) 台湾的央行累积了大量的外汇存底，加上低利率政策，央行创造出可观的「央行 盈余。」 (a) (4%) 请问央行如何累积大量的外汇存底，其目的是什麽？ (b) (4%) 为何大量累积外汇存底加上低利率政策能创造出大量的盈余？ (c) (4%) 央行创造出大量盈余的同时，对於生产者、消费者、存款人的福利有何影响？ 3. (16%) 桃花源目前产出高於自然产出，出现景气过热的现象。政府希望能透过总体政策 使物价下降，产出回到自然水准。 (a) (4%) 假设桃花源的消费函数为C = 1000 + 0.8(Y - T)，政府想调整定额税T使总合 需求减少(左移)400。假设利率固定，请问政府应该增加还是减少定额睡？要调整多 少？ (b) (4%) 如果政府想改采货币政策来达到政策目标，中央银行应该调高还是降低利率？ 中央银行又要如何调整货币供给，使均衡利率到达央行宣称的水准？ (c) (4%) 一般而言，投资金额和利率为反向关系。现在假设因为某种缘故，桃花源的投 资金额变得不受利率影响。请问此时财政政策效果会变大，变小，还是不变？为什 麽？ 4. (20%) 桃花源的生产函数为Y = 2000√L，因此其劳动需求为W/P = 1000/√L，其中Y为 总产出，L为劳动量，W为名目工资，P为物价水准。桃花源的劳动供给为L = W/P，桃花 源目前物价水准为125。 (a) (2%) 请问长期时劳动市场的均衡实质工资(W/P)和劳动雇用量为何？ (b) (3%) 请写出桃花源的长期总合供给函数。 (c) (3%) 短期时劳工无法感受到物价变动，认为物价水准固定为125。请证明桃花源的短 期总合供给函数为Y = 4000(3√)P。 (d) (2%) 承上题，假设桃花源的总合需求函数为Y = 40000 - 160P。请问此时桃花源是 否处於长期均衡？ (e) (4%) 承上题，假设桃花源的总合需求减少为Y = 26240 - 160P。根据总合供需模型 ，短期物价将如何变动？请问短期均衡时的产出、物价水准和劳动雇用量各为多少？ (提示：本题中(3√)P为一正整数。) (f) (6%) 承上题，请问此时劳工的名目工资和实质工资各为何？从劳工的角度，总合需 求减少後劳工的实质工资上升，为什麽劳动供给量反而减少了？ *注：(3√)表示为三次根号。 --

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