课程名称︰社会语言学概论二 课程性质︰系选修 课程教师︰胥嘉陵 开课学院：文学院 开课系所︰外文系 考试日期（年月日）︰2012/06/21 考试时限（分钟）：180 min (写不完可继续写) 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : I. Define or explain the following terms briefly but to the point with illustrations where appropriate. Answer any TWO of the following questions. (18%) 1. apparent-time studies vs. real-time studies of language change 2. the four important functions a successful national language needs to serve 3. national language vs. official language 4. Three statuses of language: promoted language, tolerated language, discouraged or proscribed language 5. language shift vs. language death 6. the three types of endings of pidgins 7. the three types of endings of creoles 8. the three types of predecessor language of creoles, their common feature and the feature that marks their differences 9. acquisition planning II. Essay questions (Answer should be to the point and well-illustrated) (88%) 1. How different are pidgins and creoles in term of their origins, linguistic features (vocabulary, morphology, phonology and syntax), functions, and people's attitudes towards them? (30%) Answer ONE of the questions in section 2. 2a. What are the three ways for linguistic changes to spread? Provide illustrations of these three ways. (15%) 2b. What are the three major socialinguistic reasons for language change? Provide examples for illustrations. (15%) Answer ONE of the questions in section 3. 3a. What are the three major types of factors that contribute to language shift? (15%) 3b. How can a minority language be maintained? Name three of the measures mentioned in the textbook. (15%) Answer ONE of the questions in section 4. 4a. What is the definition of language planning? What are the two types of languge planning? What are the four types of ideologies that may motivate actual decision-making in language planning in a particular society? Cite examples. (22%) 4b. What are the four interrelated steps of planning for a national language? What types of decisions or processes are involved in these four steps? Illustrate these four steps by citing a case of planning of a certain language. (22%) --

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