课程名称︰经济学原理与实习下 课程性质︰ 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院： 开课系所︰ 考试日期（年月日）︰2012.04.20. 考试时限（分钟）：130分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 一、选择题 (45%)：不需说明，写出正确答案即可。 1. If the price of bread is zero, the budget constraint between bread (on the vertical axis) and cheese (on the horizontal axis) would (a) be vertical. (b) coincide with the vertical axis. (c) coincide with the horizontal axis. (d) be horizontal. 2. Dave consumes two normal goods, X and Y, and is currently at an optimum. If the price of good X falls, we can predict with certainty that (a) Dave will definitely consume more of both goods since his real income has risen. (b) the substitution effect will be positive for good X and negative for good Y. (c) may consume more or less of good X and he will definitely consume less of good Y. (d) the substitution effect will offset the income effect for good X. 3. For a risk averse person, (a) the pleasure of winning $1,000 on a bet exceeds the pain of losing $1,000 on a bet. (b) the pain of losing $1,000 on a bet exceeds the pleasure of winning $1,000 on a bet. (c) the utility function exhibits the property of increasing marginal utility. (d) the utility function gets steeper as wealth increases. 4. Effective signals (a) convey useful information from informed parties to uninformed parties. (b) impose little or no cost on the signaler. (c) cannot be conveyed accurately when there is an information asymmerty. (d) can be used by employers to alleviate the moral hazard problem in the workplace. 5. At issue in a particular city vote is how much to spend, per person, on road repair next year. Among the 10,000 votes, 1,500 prefer to spend $300 per person, but no more; 2,800 prefer to spend $450 per person, but no more; 3,500 prefer to spend $800 per person, but no more; and 2,200 prefer to spend $1500 per person, but no more. The median voter is one who prefers to spend (a) $300. (b) $450. (c) $800. (d) $1500. 6. For the purpose of calculating GDP, investment is spending on (a) stocks, bonds, and other financial assets. (b) real estate and financial assets such as stocks and bonds. (c) capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housing. (d) capital equipment, inventories, and structures, excluding household purchases of new housing. 7. Many things that society values, such as good health, high-quality education, enjoyable recreation opportunities, and desirable moral attributes of the population, are not measured as part of GDP. It follows that (a) GDP is not a useful measure of society's welfare. (b) GDP is still a useful measure of society's welfare because providing these other attributes is the responsibility of government. (c) GDP is still a useful measure of society's welfare because it measures a nation's ability to purchase the inputs that can be used to help produce the things that contribute to welfare. (d) GDP is still the best measure of society's welfare because these other values cannot actually be measured. 8. If the CPI was 125 this year and 120 last year, then (a) the cost of the CPI basket of goods and services increased by 4.2 percent this year. (b) the price level increased by 4.2 percent this year. (c) the inflation rate for this year was 4.2 percent. (d) All of the above are correct. 9. The CPI differs from the GDP deflator in that (a) the CPI is an inflation index, while the GDP deflator is a price index. (b) substitution bias is not a problem with the CPI, but it is a problem with the GDP deflator. (c) increases in the prices of foreign produced goods that are sold to U.S. consumers show up in the GDP deflator but not in the CPI. (d) increases in the prices of domestically produced goods that are sold to the U.S. government show up in the GDP deflator but not in the CPI. 10.The key determinant of a the standard of living in a country is (a) the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. (b) the total amount of goods and services produced within the country. (c) the total amount of its physical capital. (d) its growth rate of real GDP. 11.Which of the following is an example of the "brain drain?" (a) A country's most highly educated workers emigrate to rich countries. (b) A country has such a poor educational system that human capital falls over time. (c) The population of a country grows so fast that the educational system can't keep up. (d) A country steals patented technology from another country. 12.In a closed economy, national saving is (a) usually greater than investment. (b) equal to investment. (c) usually less than investment because of the leakage of taxes. (d) always less than investment. 13.Which of the following events could explain a decrease in interest rates together with an increase in investment? (a) The government went from surplus to deficit. (b) The government instituted an investment tax credit. (c) The government reduced the tax rate on savings. (d) None of the above is correct. 14.Who of the following would be included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' "unemployed" category? (a) Tuuli, who is waiting for her new job to start. (b) Jyri, who worked only 15 hours last week. (c) Panu, who neither has a job nor is looking for one. (d) None of the above is correct. 15.Unemployment insurance (a) reduces search effort and raises unemployment. (b) reduces search effort and lowers unemployment. (c) increases search effort and raises unemployment. (d) increases search effort and decreases unemployment. 二、非选择题 (55%)： 答题时请适当说明你的想法，计算题请说明推理过程，答案内容以让批改者了解为原则。 1. (16%) 台湾的劳动统计将15岁以上民间人口分为非劳动力和劳动力，而劳动力又分为就 业和失业。请说明下列各种情形分别如何影响劳动统计中各个分类的人数，并推论失业 率将如何变动。 (a) (4%) 今年有更多妇女为了结婚或生小孩离开职场，回家做家庭主妇。 (b) (4%) 许多长期失业者因为求职屡遭挫折决定不再找工作了。 (c) (4%) 统计当局决定将志愿役军人改列为劳动力。 (d) (4%) 劳动参与率的定义是什麽？台湾妇女的教育水准越来越高，但劳动参与率成长 速度却很缓慢，有人解读这是因为就业市场歧视女性。你认为还有没有其他可能呢？ 2. (14%) 台大国本年度其总产出(Y)为10,000，政府支出(G)为1700，净税收(T)为1500。某 经济学家估计台大国的投资(I)和消费(C)如下：C = 6000 - 100r，I = 3300 - 100r； 其中该经济体实质利率为r%。 (a) (2%) 请简要说明：为什麽消费与实质利率为反向关系？ (b) (3%) 请计算该国之私部门储蓄、政府储蓄、国民储蓄与利率的关系为何？ (c) (4%) 均衡实质利率为何？此时台大国的投资量是多少？ (d) (5%) 台大国政府决定要加发老人年金(增加移转性支付)，财源以举债支应(本年度不 加税)。假设乡民拿到老人年金後会将一部分用於消费、一部分用於储蓄，且此政策 不影响产出。请说明本政策对桃花源民间储蓄、政府储蓄、国民储蓄的影响，并用可 贷资金市场供需说明均衡利率和投资金额将如何变动。 3. (15%) 小全的人生分为两期，年轻时期与年老时期。令年轻时期的所得为$10000，年老 时期的所得为$5250。年轻时期的消费为C1，年老时期的消费为C2。两期之间的利率 为r。 (a) (3%) 请写出小全的跨期预算限制式。 (b) (3%) 如果r为10%，小全选择年老时消费%5129，此时小全年轻时消费多少？ (c) (3%) 如果r为5%，小全选择年轻时消费%12000，此时小全年老时消费多少？ (d) (3%) 由上两小题可知，小全比较喜欢在哪一个利率水准下生活？ (e) (3%) 承(b)(c)，利率上涨的替代效果和所得效果会增加或减少小全的C1？ 4. (10%) 船长小黄有资金$10000，他想出船到南洋采集香料。船运往返需要一年的时间。 船运有风险存在，已知有α的机率成功，1-α的机率失败。但不肯定α的大小。成功的 话小黄载回香料，一船香料值$12100，失败的话什麽都没有，并损失原本资金的36%。小 黄为风险趋避者，其财富效用为U=√W。其中W小黄的资金。请回答下列问题。 (a) (3%) 请先计算小黄的期望报酬为何？ (b) (3%) 对小黄而言，α多大才会使他愿意出船？ (c) (4%) 小黄现在就将这船一年後的香料以$11025卖给商人大鸟，而大鸟也知道小黄的 期望报酬与效用。如果大鸟答应了，请问大鸟是风险趋避者还是风险喜好者？ --

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