课程名称︰经济学原理与实习 上 课程性质︰ 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院： 开课系所︰ 考试日期（年月日）︰2011.11.11 考试时限（分钟）： 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 一.选择题(45%) 1. Prices usually reflect (a) only the value of a good society. (b) only the cost to society of making a good. (c) both the value of a good to society and the cost to society of making a good. (d) neither the value of a good to society nor the cost to society of making the good. 2. The term "market failure" (a) means the same thing as "market power". (b) refers to the dissolution of a market when firms decide to quit producing a certain product. (c) refers to the failure of a market to produce an efficient allocation of resources. (d) refers to government's failure to enforce the property rights of households or firms that participate in a certain market. 3. When an economy is operating at a point on its production possibilities frontier,then (a) consumers are content with the mix of goods and services that is being produced. (b) there is no way to produce more of one good without producing less of the other. (c) equal amounts of the two goods are being produced. (d) all of the above are correct. 4. Suppose the United States has a comparative advantage over Mexico in producing pork. The principle of comparative advantage asserts that (a) the United states should produce more pork than what it requires and export some of it to Mexico. (b) the United States should produce a moderate quantity of pork and import the remainder of what it requires from Mexico. (c) the United States should refrain altogether from producing pork and import all fo what it requires from Mexico. (d) Mexico has nothing to gain from inporting United States pork. 5. A movement along the supply curve might be caused by a change in (a) technology. (b) input prices. (c) expectations about future prices. (d) the price of the good or service that is being supplied. 6. When the local used bookstore prices economics books at $15.00 each, it generally sells 70 books per month. If it lowers the price to $7.00, sales increase to 90 books per month. Given this information, we know that the price elasticity of demand for economics books is about (a) 2.91, and an increase in price from $7.00 to $15.00 results in an increase in total revenue. (b) 2.91, and an increase in price from $7.00 to $15.00 results in a decrease in total revenue. (c) 0.34, and an increase in price from $7.00 to $15.00 results in an increase in total revenue. (d) 0.34, and an increase in price from $7.00 to $15.00 results in a decrease in total revenue. 7. A binding price floor will reduce a firm's total revenue (a) always. (b) when demand is elastic. (c) when demand is inelastic. (d) never. 8. Suppose your own demand curve for tomatoes slopes downward. Suppose also that, for the last tomato you bought this week, you paid a price exactly equal to your willingness to pay. Then (a) you should buy more tomatoes before the end of the week. (b) you already have bought too many tomatoes this week. (c) your consumer surplus on the last tomato you bought is zero. (d) your consumer surplus on all of the tomatoes you have bought this week is zero. 9. When a good is taxed, the burden of the tax (a) falls more heavily on the side of the market that is more elastic. (b) falls more heavily on the side of the market that is mor inelastic. (c) falls more heavily on the side of the market that is closer to unit elastic. (d) is distributed independently of relative elasticities of supply and demand. 10. A tariff on a product (a) is a direct quantitative restriction on the amount of a good that can be imported. (b) increases the domestic quantity supplied. (c) increases the domestic quantity supplied. (d) all of the above are correct. 11. When the production of a good results in a positive externality, the social value curve is: (a) below the demand curve, indicating the total value to society is less than the private benefit. (b) above the demanf curve, indicating the total value to society is greater than the private benefit. (c) identical to the demand curve, indicating the total cost to society is the equal to the private benefit. (d) above the supply curve, indicating the total cost to society exceeds the private cost. 12. Which of the following is an example og a normative, as opposed to positive, statement? (a) If the price of a product decreases, peoples's willingness to buy that product will increase. (b) Reducing tax rates on the wealthy would benefit the nation. (c) If the national saving rate were to increase, so would the rate of economic growth. (d) The elimination of trade restrictions would increase an economy's standard of living. 13. When a country allows trade and becomes an importer of steel, (a) the losses of the domestic producers of steel exceed the gains of the domestic consumers of steel. (b) the losses of the domestic consumers of steel exceed the gains of the domestic producers of steel. (c) the gains of the domestic producers of steel exceed the losses of the domestic consumers of steel. (d) the gains of the domestic producers of steel exceed the losses of the domestic producers of steel. 14. Farm programs that pay farmers not to plant crops on all their land (a) hurt farmers by lowering their total revenue and hurt consumers by causing shortages of some food items. (b) help farmers by cutting costs, which helps consumers by lowering food prices. (c) help farmers by increasing total revenue in the market but hurt consumers by raising prices. (d) help farmers directly since they receive government patments but have no real effects on consumers. 15. Which of these consumption activities will most likely impose an external cost? (a) An athlete works out at a gym. (b) A secretary smokes a cigarette in a crowded break room. (c) A young mother pushes her baby in a stroller. (d) A construction worker eats a hotdog during his lunch break. 二.非选择题(55%) 答题时请适当说明你的想法，计算题请说明推理过程，答案内容以让批改者了解为原则。 1.(15%)请根据下列叙述回答问题 (a) (5%)小岛上原本鲜乳市场有很多家鲜乳业者，但经历激烈竞争後只剩下三家厂商存活下来，这代表这三家厂商最能有效率的生产鲜乳。假设这三家厂商生产鲜乳一样有效率，边际成本皆为每盒$30，市场上鲜乳的定价差不多在每盒$31。今因为原物料价格上涨关系，三家厂商的边际成本皆上升至$35，於是大家看到三家厂商皆把售价调整为每盒$36。请问你认为这是厂商联合涨价的结果，还是市场竞争的结果？ (b) (5%)小明跟小华都是制作西点的师傅。小明每个小时可以制作10个泡芙或5个布丁；小华每个小时可以制作30个泡芙或20个布丁。小明跟小华同时在台大蛋糕工作。请以泡芙为横轴，布丁为纵轴，画出两人合作12小时的生产可能线。 (c) (5%)着名的德国经济研究所首次以德国人为调查基础得出结论说，对於男人来说，身高与收入确实有关系，而且是成正比。他们还得出了一个精确的数据：平均身高每高出一公分就等於每月毛收入多出0.6%。假设这个资料正确，我们可以推论，平均来说身高高的人比较会赚钱。请问这样的推论可能犯了什麽错误? 2.(20%)假设生乳的供给为Q^S = P, 需求为 Q^D = 100 - Po。 (a) (2%)均衡价格与数量为何? (b) (4%)若农委会为照顾酪农生计，决定对生乳订定价格下限为每单位 $70，并收购所有过剩的生乳。请问此时消费者剩余、生产者剩余、政府收购支出以及社会总剩余各是多少。 (c) (4%)若农委会另一套方案是采取价差补贴至%70,意即若市场价格低於 %70, 政府将补贴其中的价差给酪农。在此情况下，请重新回答上题。 (d) (6%)有民间团体认为应该要补贴消费者，只要消费者需求增加，酪农的生活自然也会改善。因此要求政府补贴消费者需求直到均衡价格为$70为止。请问政府需补贴消费者每单位多少元才能使均衡价格达到$70？请问此时消费者剩余、生产者剩余、政府补贴支出以及社会总剩余各是多少。 (e) (4%)请问就照顾酪农的角度来看，上面(b)、(c)、(d)小题中的政策何者比较有效率？若是以整体社会的角度来看，哪一个政策比较有效率？ 3.(20%)可成是生产iPhone机壳的大厂。其供给为Q^S = P,市场需求为 Q^D = 300 - P。可成每生产1单位机壳，就会产生1单位的污染，而每1单位的污染将对当地村民造成$60的伤害。为了方便，我们称可成以及它的需求者为"私人部门"。 (a) (2%)如果政府不作任何管制，机壳的均衡价格和均衡数量各为多少?社会总剩余为何? (b) (2%)考量外部成本後，社会的最适产量应该是多少? (c) (6%)教科书提到：负的外部性会使市场的均衡数量超过对社会整体而言最适当的数量。如果政府为了减少可成的产量决定课从量税。请问政府应该对可成课每单位多少元从量税才能使产量达到社会适量?此时政府税收、社会总剩余与无谓损失各是多少？ (d) (5%)若政府不采取课税，但将污染权判给制造污染者(即私人部门拥有污染的权力)。请问村民需付多少权利金，可成才愿意将产量降低至社会最适？此时社会总剩余是多少? (e) (5%)若将污染权判给村民(村民拥有不被污染的权力)。请问可成需付多少权利金给村民才能生产机壳？此时社会总剩余是多少? --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 140.118.1.219