课程名称︰普通生物学乙上 课程性质︰必修 课程教师︰陈俊宏 开课学院：医学院 开课系所︰医学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2008／10／27 考试时限（分钟）：110min 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） Ⅰ. Choice Part A: Simple Choice (one point for each) 1. If a modern electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the nanometer level, as opposed to the best light microscope, this is due to which of the following? A. The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer. B. Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. C. Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. D. The electron microscope has much greater ratio of image size to real size. E. The electron microscope cannot image whole cells at one time. 2. All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except A. DNA. B. a cell wall. C. a plasma membrane. D. ribosomes. E. an endoplasmic reticulum. 3. The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that A. plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. B. plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. C. plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. D. animal cells are more spherical, while plant cells are elongated. E. the basic functions of plant cells are very different from those of animal cells. 4. Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? A. ribosome. B. lysosome. C. contractile vacuole. D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. E. mitochondrion. 5. The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? A. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. B. Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. C. Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. D. Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. E. All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function. 6. Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition? A. the endoplasmic reticulum. B. the Golgi apparatus. C. mitochondrion. D. the lysosome. E. membrane-bound ribosomes. 7. The mitochondrion, like the nucleus, has two or more emebrane layers. How is the innermost of these layers different from that of the nucleus? A. The inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded. B. The two membranes are biochemically very different. C. The space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane is larger. D. The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is separated out into thylakoids. E. The inner mitochondrial membrane is devoid of nearly all proteins. 8. Microfilaments are well-known for their role in which of the following? A. ameboid movement. B. formation of cleavage furrows. C. contracting of muscle cells. D. A and B only. E. A, B, and C. 9. A cell lacking the ability to make and secrete glycoproteins would most likely be deficient in its A. nuclear DNA. B. extracellular matrix. C. Golgi apparatus. D. A and B only. E. A, B, and C. 10. Recent evidence shows that the extracellular matrix can take part in regulating the expression of genes. A likely possibility for this might be which of the following? A. Mechanical signals of the ECM can alter the cytoskeleton, which can alter intracellular signaling. B. Intracellular signals might cause changes in the fibronectin binding to the cell surface. C. Orientation of microfilaments to the ECM can change the gene activity. D. Fibronectin binds to integrins built into the plasma membrane. E. Proteoglycans in the ECM become large enough in aggregate to force genetic alternation. 11. Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway? A. ER → Golgi → mucleus. B. Golgi → ER → lysosome. C. nucleus → ER → Golgi. D. ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane. E. ER → lysosome → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane. 12. Who proposed that the membrane is a mosiac of protein molecules bobbing in fluid bilayer of phospholipids? A. H. Davson and J. Danelli. B. I. Langmuir. C. E. Gorter and F. Grendel. D. S. Singer and G. Nicolson. E. C. Overton. 13. When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the middle of the bilayer. The best explanation for this is that A. the integral membrane proteins are nto strong enough to hold the bilayer together. B. water that is present in the middle of the bilayer freezes and is easily fractured. C. the hydrophobic interactions that hold the membrane together are weakest at this point. D. hydrophilic interactions between the opposite membrane surfaces are destroyed on freezing. E. the carbon-carbon bonds of the phospholipids tails are easily broken. 14. Cell emebranes are asymmetrical. Which of the following is a most likely explanation? A. The cell membrane forms a border between one cell and another in tightly packed tissues such as epithelium. B. Cell membranes communicate sgnals from one organism to another. C. Cell membrane proteins are determined as the membrane is being packaged in the ER and Golgi. D. Cell membrane proteins are determined as the membrane is baing packaged in the ER and Golgi. (all the same as C = =a) E. Proteins can only span cell membranes if they are hydrophobic. 15. Celery stalks (美国芹菜) that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and har. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are A. hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution. B. hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. C. hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. D. isotonic with fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution. E. hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution. 16. If a membrane protein in an animal cell is involved in the cotransport of glucose and sodium ions into the cell, which of the following is most likely true? A. A substance that blocked sodium ions from binding to the cotransport protein would also block the transport of glucose. B. Potassium ions move across the same gradient as sodium ions. C. Sodium ions can move down their electrochemical gradient through the cotransporter whether or not glucose is present outside the cell. D. The sodium ions are moving down their electrochemical gradient while glucose is moving up. E. Glucose is entering the cell along its concentration gradient. 17. What term is used to describe the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways? A. feedback inhibition. B. bioenergetics. C. energy coupling. D. entropy. E. cooperativity. 18. The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as A. metabolic inhibition. B. feedback inhibition. C. allosteric inhibition. D. noncooperative inhibition. E. reversible inhibition. 19. The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction A. gains electrons and gains energy. B. loses electrons and loses energy. C. gains electrons and loses energy. D. loses electrons and gains energy. E. neither gains nor loses electrons, nor gains or loses energy. 20. Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent? A. electron transport. B. glycolysis. C. citric acid cycle. D. chemiosmosis. E. fermentation. -- 35P泪目 -- 美国芹菜... (脑补) 法国香菜(踹飞) --

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