课程名称︰普通生物学乙上 课程性质︰必修 课程教师︰陈俊宏 开课学院：医学院 开课系所︰医学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2009／10／26 考试时限（分钟）：110min 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 21. During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level? The electrons are transferred to oxygen through Complex Ⅰ → Complex Ⅲ → Complex Ⅳ. A. NAD+. B. NADH. C. ATP. D. FAD. E. FADH2. 22. Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location? A. cytosol. B. mitochondrial outer membrane. C. mitochondrial matrix. D. mitochondrial inner membrane. E. mitochondrial intermembrane space. 23. Glycolysis is believed to be one of the most ancient of metabolic processes. Which statement(s) supports this idea? A. Glycolysis is the most widespread metabolic pathway. B. Glycolysis neither uses nor needs O2. C. Glycolysis is found in all eukaryotic cells. D. The enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol rather than in a membrane-enclosed organelle. E. Ancient prokaryotic cells, the most primitive of cells, made extensive use of glycolysis long before oxygen was present in Earth's atmosphere. 24. Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the citric acid cycle? A. pyruvate. B. malate or fumarate. C. acetyl-CoA. D. α-ketoglutarate. E. succinyl-CoA. 25. What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. to produce NADPH used in respiration. B. to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water. C. to produce ATP and NADPH. D. to use ATP to make glucose. E. to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL. 26. The visible light is ranging from 380 nm to 750 nm; among following wavelength which one would show the best efficiency to drive photosynthesis? A. 400 nm. B. 500 nm. C. 575 nm. D. 660 nm. E. 730 nm. 27. Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are true? A. ATP is generated by photophosphorylation. B. Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons. C. The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons. D. A and C only. E. A, B, and C. 28. All of the following are directly associated with photosystem Ⅰ except A. receiving electrons from plastocyanin. B. passing electrons to ferredoxin. C. P700 reaction center chlorophyll. D. harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll. E. extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water. 29. Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes? A. the splitting of water. B. the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll. C. the synthesis of ATP. D. the reduction of NADP+. E. the flow of electrons from photosystem Ⅱ to photosystem Ⅰ. 30. In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located? A. thylakoid membrane. B. plasma membrane. C. inner mitochondrial membrane. D. A and C. E. A, B, and C. 31. Which of the following is (are) true of the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase? A. It has an affinity for both O2 and CO2. B. It can catalyzes and oxygenation of 3-PGA. C. It participates in the Calvin cycle. D. A and C are true. E. A, B, and C are true. 32. In what respect are the phtosynthetic adaptations of C4 plants and CAM plants similar? A. In both cases, the stomata normally close during the day. B. Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark. C. Both types of plants make their sugar without the Calvin cycle. D. In both cases, an enzyme other than rubisco carries out the first step in carbon fixattion. E. Neither C4 plants nor CAM plants have grana in their chloroplasts. 33. What is a chromatid? A. A special region that holds two centromeres together. B. A replicated chromosome. C. Another name for the chromosomes found in genetics. D. A chromosome found outside the nucleus. E. A chromosome in G1 of the cell cycle. 34. Taxol (紫杉醇) is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree (红豆杉). In animal cells, taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, taxol must affect ______. A. formation of the centrioles. B. the S phase of the cell cycle. C. the fibers of the mitotic spindle. D. chromatid assembly. E. anaphase. 35. In which group of eukaryotic organisms does the nuclear envelope remain intact during mitosis? A. seedless plants. B. diatoms. C. dinoflagellates. D. B and C only. E. A, B, and C. 36. Increases in the enzymatic activity of some protein kinases important for the regulation of the cell cycle are due to ______. A. activation of inactive kinases by binding to cyclins. B. conversion of inactive cyclins to active kinases by means of phosphorylation. C. a decline in external growth factors to a concentration below the inhibitory threshold. D. kinase synthesis by ribosomes. E. cleavage of the inactive kinase molecules by cytoplasmic proteases. 37. One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that A. cancer cells are always in the M phase of the cell cycle. B. the cancer cell is unable to synthesize DNA. C. cancer cells cannot function properly because they suffer from density- dependent inhibition. D. cancer cells continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together. E. the cell cycle of the cancer cell is arrested at the S phase. 38. An evolutionary adaptation that increase exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest is A. closing of the stomata. B. lateral buds. C. apical dominance. D. absense of petioles. E. intercalary meristems. 39. Which of the following tissue is incorrectly matched with its charateristics? A. collenchyma - uniformly thick-walled supportive tissue. B. epidermis - protective outer covering of plant body. C. sclerenchyma - heavily lignified secondary walls. D. meristematic tissue - undifferentiated tissue capable of cell division. E. parenchyma - thin-walled, loosely packed, unspecialized cells. 40. As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. The nail is now _____ meters above the ground. A. 0.5 B. 1.5 C. 3.0 D. 15.0 E. 28.5 41. The polarity of a plant is established when A. the zygote divides. B. cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo. C. the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo. D. the primary root breaks through the seed coat. E. the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates. 42. The type of mature cell that a particular embryonic plant cell will become appears to be determined mainly by A. the selective loss of genes. B. the cell's final position in a developing organ. C. the cell's pattern of migration. D. the cell's age. E. the cell's particular meristematic lineage. Ⅱ. Short essay: (4 points for each) 1. buttom-up regulation of respiration 2. Describe the ABC model for floral development. -- 共值1995P(茶) 差点就2000P了(踹飞) --

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