课程名称︰经济学原理与实习一 课程性质︰必修/A5通识 课程教师︰王道一 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰97.11.03 考试时限（分钟）：10:20-12:10 (110mins) 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 一.选择题(30%) 1.If labor in Mexico is less productive than labor in the United States in all areas of production a.neither nation can benefit from trade. b.Mexico can benefit from trade but United States cannot. c.the United States will have a comparative advantage relative to Mexico in the production of all goods. d.both Mexico and the United States still can benifit from trade. 2.An increase in demend is represented by a.a movement downward and to the right along a demend curve. b.a movement upward and to the left along a demend curve. c.a rightward shift of a demend curve. d.a leftward shift of a demend curve. 3.When demend is unit elastic, price elasticity of demend a.equals 1 and total revenue and price move in the same direction. b.equals 1 and total revenue and price move in opposite directions. c.equals 1 and total revenue does not change when price changes. d.equals 0 and total revenue does not change when price changes. 4.If a binding price ceiling were imposed in the computer market, a.the quantity of computers demended would increase. b.the quantity of computers supplied would decrease. c.a shortage of computers would develop. d.All of the above are correct. 5.Producer surplus is a.measures using the demend curve for a good. b.always a negetive number for sellers in a competitive market. c.the amount a seller is paid minus the cost of production. d.the opportunity cost of production minus the cost of producing goods that go unsold. 6.Suppose a tax is levied on the sellers of a good; a.then the supply curve shifts upward by the amount of the tax. b.then the quantity demended decreases for all conceivable prices of the good. c.this means that the sellers of the good will receive a lower price from buyers, not that the sellers are actually responsible for paying the tax to the government. d.All of the above are correct. 7.Taxes cause deadweight losses because a.taxes reduce the sum od producer and consumer surpluses by more than the amount of tax revenue. b.taxes prevent buyers and sellers from realizing some of the gains from trade. c.taxes cause marginal buyers and marginal sellers to leave the market, causing the quantity sold to fall. d.All of the above are correct. 8.When a country allows trade and becomes an export of a good, a.domestic producers gain and domestic comsumers lose. b.domestic producers lose and domestic comsumers gain. c.domestic producers and domestic comsumers both gain. d.domestic producers and domestic comsumers both lose. 9.If a tax is imposed on a market with elastic demend and inelastic supply, a.buyers will bear most of the burden of the tax. b.sellers will bear most of the burden of the tax. c.the burden of the tax will be shared equally between buyers and sellers. d.it is impossible to determine how the burden of the tax will be shared. 10.A movement along the supply curve might be caused by a change in a.technology. b.input prices. c.expectations about future prices. d.the price of the good or service that is being supplied. 二.计算与问答题(70%) 1.Using the graph shown, answer the following questions. (21%) (图: http://ppt.cc/I;1l ) a.What was the equilibrium price in this market before the tax? b.What is the amount of the tax? c.How much of the tax will the buyers pay? d.How much of the tax will the sellers pay? e.How much will the buyer pay for the product after the tax is imposed? f.How much will the seller receive after the tax is imposed? g.As a result of the tax, what has happened to the level of market activity? 2.Answer the following questions based on the graph that represents J.R.'s demend for ribs per week of ribs at Judy's rib shack. (27%) (图: http://ppt.cc/_-t_ ) a.At the equilibrium price, how many ribs would J.R. be willing to purchase? b.How much is J.R. willing to pay for 20 ribs? c.What is the magnitude of J.R.'s consumer surplus be at the equilibrium price? d.At the equilibrium price, how many ribs would Judy be willing to sell? e.How high must the price of ribs be for Judy to supply 20 ribs to the market? f.At the equilibrium price, what is the magnitude of total surplus in the market? g.If the price of ribs rose to $10, what would happen to J.R.'s consumer surplus? h.If the price of ribs fell to $5, what would happen to Judy's producer surplus? i.Explain why the graph that is shown verifies the fact that the market equilibrium (quantity) maximizes the sum of producer and consumer surplus. 3.需求函数：Qd=300-P；供给函数：Qs=-30+0.5P。 (12%) (1)求均衡价格及数量； (2)若政府对厂商课徵每一单位15元之从量税，求税後均衡价格(厂商收到价格、消费者 支付价格)及数量； (3)政府收到多少税收？ (4)计算政府课税之後之无谓损失(deadweight loss)。 Hint:税後供给线Qs=-30+0.5(P-15) 4.These figures illustrate the production possibilities available to Barney and Betty with 8 hours of labor in their bakery. (10%) (图: http://ppt.cc/7KF@ ) (1)Refer to Figure. The oppotunity cost of 1 pie for Betty is? (2%) (2)Refer to Figure. Barney has an absolute advantage in? (2%) (3)Refer to Figure. Barney has a comparative advantage in? (3%) (4)Initially, Barney is spending one-half of his time making pies and other one-half of his time making bread, and Betty is doing the same. Relative to this initial situation, Barney and Betty could specialize according to the principle of comparative advantage, and both could benefit from this new arrangement, provided they agree that one pie will trade for somewhere between? (3%) --

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