课程名称︰德意志文化史 课程性质︰历史系选修 课程教师︰花亦芬 开课学院：文学院 开课系所︰历史学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2011/1/11 考试时限（分钟）：180分钟(1:20-4:20) 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 1. 请翻译以下的引文(Hagen Schulze, Germany:A New History, p.221)。并说明Hagen Schulze为何会如此诠释威玛文化(Weimar culture)在德国迈向民主化道路上所遭遇的问 题，这与他讨论Nazi兴起有何关连?(60%) 　　Weimar culture was both deeply bourgeois and at the same time infected by strong antibourgeois sentiment; it received its characteristic stamp from the experience of the Great War. The leftists had learned from it that everything to do with killing, the military, and uniforms was evil and senseless, while socialism was good. A man such as Carl von Ossietzky, editor of the Weltbühne ,fought for the republican cause in the name of morality and human rights-not for the existing Weimar Republic, however, which struck him and so many other intellectuals of the era as lacking in principle, immature, boring, and bourg- eois, but rather for an imaginary socialist and pacifist republic. To help such a republic into the world he was prepared to advocate the election of Ernst Thälmann,leader of the German Communist Party, as president. 　　At the other end of the cultural spectrum were the rightists, who had been equally affected by their war experiences but had drawn the opposite conclusi- ons from them. They recalled the war not in terms of horror and inhumanity but in terms of the fiery furnace in which a new kind of man had been forged of blood and iron. Right-wing intellectuals like Ernst Jünger also fought the republic at every opportunity, in the name of an ideal that remained vague, somehow martial and nationalistic, but often with socialist aspects. The lack of clarity in their goals led many of them to take up with Hitler, who knew exactly what he meant by "national"and"socialist."Only a few, such as Jünger, kept their distance from larger movements. 2.德国总统Richard von Weizsäcker於1985年5月8日在国会发表欧洲终战四十周年纪念 的演说，如何论述德国历史教育应有的走向?(40%) --

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