I. Give short and precise answers to the following items. 1.(a) What is phonetics? (b) What is phonology? (c) What is the difference between the two? (12%) 2.(a) What is a phoneme? (b) What is an allophone? (8%) 3. What kind of transcription is one that (a) indicates only sounds that make a difference in the meaning of a word? (b) indicates considerable phonetic detail? (c) indicates only the phonetic value of the sounds, without the transcriber knowing the phonological system of the language he/she is working on?(9%) 4. Where does the sound /ʒ/ seldom occur in English? (4%) 5. Where does the tap typically occur in General American English? (6%) 6. Why is a phonemic transcription of English usually quite different from regular English spelling? (5%) 7. (a) Why does Standard Southern British English ("RP") have more diphthongs than American English? (b) Give two examples of RP diphthongs not found in US English. (10%) 8. What is a "schwa," what is its place of articulation, and where does it typically occur in English? (8%) 9. (a) What characterizes a "rhotic" dialect? (b) Give one example of a "rhotic" dialect of English. (6%) 10. Why do many speakers in the Western part of the US and Canada not need to use the symbol [ɔ]? (6%) 11. What is the main difference between the sound represented by "e" in Spanish "leche" and the one represented by "a-e" in the English word "late"? (8%) 12. Describe two main differences between the pronuncation of "white shoes" and "why choose." (8%) II. Compound stress: Circle the stressed syllable(s) in each item below, and mark the tonic stress with an asterisk * before the circled syllable. 1. fabulous technique 2. chronic kidney disease 3. blood sugar levels 4. Native American relics 5. incredible noise 6. rescue helicopter 7. front lawn 8. opera singer 9. modern medicine 10. scuba diver --

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