课程名称︰经济学原理与实习上 课程性质︰必修兼A5通识 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社科院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰2010/11/12 考试时限（分钟）：110分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 经济学原理与实习上 期中考 2010.11.12 一、选择题(45%):不须说明，写出正确答案即可。 1.In the early 19th century, the Russian government sent doctors to southern Russian villages to provide assitance during a cholera epidemic. The villagers noticed that wherever doctors appeared, people died. Therefore, many doctors were chased away from villages, and some were even killed. This reaction to the correlation between doctors and deaths is most likely a problem of (a)imitted variables. (b)reverse causality. (c)government propaganda. (d)medical incompetence. 2.When society requires that firms reduce pollution, there is (a)a tradeoff because of reduced incomes to the firms; owners and workers. (b)a tradeoff only if some firms are forced to close. (c)no tradeoff, since the cost of reducing pollution falls only on the firms affected by the requirement. (d)no tradeoff, since everyone benefits from reduced pollution. 3.Teresa eats three oranges during a particular day. The marginal benefit she enjoys from eating the third orange (a)can be thought of as the total benefit Teresa enjoys by eating three oranges minus the total benefit she would have enjoyed by eating just the first two oranges. (b)determines Teresa's willingness to pay for the first, second, and third oranges. (c)All of the above are correct. 4.In a certain economy, peanuts and books are produced, and the economy currently operates on its production possibilities frontier. Which of the following events would allow the economy to produce more peanuts and more books ,relative to the quantities of those goods that are being produced now? (a)Unemployed labor is put to work producing peanuts and books. (b)The economy puts its idle capital to work producing peanuts and books. (c)The economy experiences economic growth. (d)All of the above are correct. 5.If Shawn can produce donuts at a lower opportunity cost than Sue, then (a)Shawn has a conparative advantage in the production of donuts. (b)Sue has a conparative advantage in the production of donuts. (c)Shawn should not produce donuts. (d)Shawn is capable of producing more donuts than Sue in a given amount of time 6.When the price of a good or service changes, (a)the supply curve shifts in the opposite direction. (b)the demand curve shifts in the opposite direction. (c)the demand curve shifts in the same direction. (d)there is a movement along a given demand curve. 7.For a particular good, a 2 percent increase in price causes a 12 percent decrease in quantity demanded. Which of the following statements is most likely applicable to this good? (a)There are no close substitutes for this good. (b)The good is a luxury. (c)The market for the good is broadly defined. (d)The relevant time horizon is short. 8.A tax imposed on the sellers of a good will (a)raise the price paid by buyers and lower the equilibrirm quantity. (b)raise the price paid by buyers and raise the equilibrium quantity. (c)raise the effective price received by sellers and lower the equilibrium quantity. (d)raise the effective price received by sellers and raise the equilibrium quantity. 9.Denise values a stainless steel dishwasher for her new house at $500. The actual price of the dishwasher is $650. Denise (a)buys the dishwasher, and on her purchase she experiences a consumer surplus of $150. (b)buys the dishwasher, and on her purchase she experiences a consumer surplus of $-150. (c)does not buy the dishwasher, and on her purchase she experiences a consumer surplus of $150. (d)does not buy the dishwasher, and on her purchase she experiences a consumer surplus of $0. 10.Suppose a country abandons a no-trade policy in favor of a free-trade policy .If, as a result, the domestic price of pistachios decreases to equal the world price of pistachios, then (a)that country becomes an importer of pistachios. (b)that country has a comparative advantage in producing pistachios. (c)at the world price, the quantity of pistachios supplied in that country exceeds the quantity of pistachios demanded in that country. (d)All of the above are correct. 11.Suppose that cigarette smokers create a negative externality. Further suppose that the government imposes a tax on cigarettes to the per-unit externality. What is the relationship between the afger-tax equilibrium quantity and the socially optimal quantity of cigarettes? (a)They are equal. (b)The after-tax equilibrium quantity is greater than the socially optimal quantity. (c)The after-tax equilibrium quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity. (d)There is not enough information to answer the question. 12.Which of the following quantities decrease in response to a tax on a good? (a)the equilibrium quantity in the market for the good, the effictive price of the good paid by buyers, and consumers surplus (b)the equilibrium quantity in the market for the good, producers surplus, and the well-being of buyers of the good (c)the effective price received by sellers, and consumers surplus (d)None of the above is necessarily correct unless we know whether the tax is levies on buyers or on sellers. 13.David walks Carolyn's dog once a day for $50 per week. Carolyn values this service at $60 per week, while the opportunity cost of David's time is $30 per week. The government places a tax of $35 per week on dog walkers. After the tax , what is the loss in total surplus? (a)$50. (b)$30. (c)$25. (d)$0. 14.If demand is price inelastic, then when price rises, (a)total revenue will fall. (b)total revenue will rise. (c)total revenue will remain unchanged. (d)total revenue may rise, fall, or remain unchanged. More information is need to determine the change in total revenue with certainty. 15.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the imposition of a price ceiling on the market for milk? (a)Policymakers have studied the effects of the price ceiling carefully, and they recognize that the price ceiling is advantageous for society as a whole (b)Buyers of milk, recognizing that the price ceiling is good for them, have pressured ppolicymakers into imposing the price ceiling. (c)Sellers of milk, recognizing that the price ceiling is good for them, have pressured policymakers into imposing the price ceiling. (d)Buyers and sellers of milk have agreed that the price ceiling is good for both of them and have therefore pressured policymakers into imposing the price ceiling. 二、非选择题(55%): 答题时请适当说明你的想法，计算题请说明推理过程，答案内容以让批改者了解为原则。 1.(10%)请根据下列叙述回答问题。 (a)(5%)(是非题)假设某社会只生产电脑和稻米，且其生产可能线为直线。如果生产电脑 的技术变得更进步，这表示生产每部电脑的成本也增加了。 (b)(5%)劳退新制实施後规定雇主每月需额外提拨薪资的6%作为员工的退休金，这会使得 雇主的雇用成本上升。给定其他情况不变，如果此时你观察到员工薪水平均也下降6% ，请问你认为劳动市场中雇主和员工谁的价格弹性较大? 2.(15%)假设台湾菸酒公卖局是台湾香菸市场唯一的供给者，公卖局以每包香菸$30的统一 价格供给香菸。另外香菸市场的需求为Q^D = 120 - P。 (a)(3%)请计算均衡的价格与数量。社会总剩余又是多少? (b)(4%)若政府此时实施数量管制，市场上总共贩售的香菸不得超过70单位。请问政府应该 课多少的单位税额始能达成目标?此时总剩余为多少? (c)(4%)现在政府改采对消费者客从量税，藉此限制香菸市场成交量为70单位。请问政府应 该课多少的单位税额始能达成目标?此时总剩余为多少? (d)(4%)若有不法业者由国外走私一模一样的香菸卖到台湾，而走私香菸的供给为 Q^f = 4P。假设政府无法阻止民众购买私菸，请画出香菸市场的总供给线，并求出 此时香菸市场的均衡数量与价格。 3.(15%)桃花源的桃子供给为Q^S = 2P，需求为Q^D = 300 - P。武陵人爱吃桃子，愿意以 $140向桃花源购买任意数量的桃子。 (a)(3%)请问桃子的均衡价格和产量各为何?桃花源人消费多少桃子?多少桃子出口至武陵? (b)(3%)假设武陵政府为了保护武陵的桃子产业，决定对进口桃子课每单位$20的关税。 请问均衡时桃子的价格和产量各为何?桃花源人消费多少桃子?多少桃子出口至武陵 (c)(6%)承上题，比较无关税和有关税两种情况，武陵的关税政策对桃花源的消费者剩余、 生产者剩余、总剩余各有什麽影响?影响有多大? (d)(3%)承上题，假设武陵政府取消关税，改用进口配额，限制桃花源最多只能卖90单位 的桃子到武陵。请问均衡时桃子的产地价格和产量各为何?桃花源人消费多少桃子 ?多少桃子出口至武陵? 4.(15%)袁老板生产棉被，为他带来40万元的效益。然而，生产棉被时会产生噪音，噪音 对隔壁的春花诊所造成50万元损害。如果袁老板停止生产棉被，就不会产生噪音，此时 袁老板的效益为0。 (a)(2%)经济的角度，袁老板是否应该生产棉被? (b)(2%)政府认为噪音产生外部伤害，因此决定课徵噪音税50万元，袁老板一旦制造噪音 就会被课税，请问课徵噪音税的结果是否有效率? (c)(4%)承上题，假设袁老板可以花30万元改用不会产生噪音的设备。请问课徵噪音税的 结果是否有效率? (d)(4%)承上题，再假设春花诊所可花20万元加装隔音墙，免除噪音的伤害(然而，噪音 依旧存在，只是没有人会受到伤害)。请问课徵噪音税的结果是否有效率? (e)(3%)承上题，如果政府取消噪音税，但规定春华诊所有免於噪音的权利，袁老板必须 取得春华诊所的同意方能进行生产。请问此一政策改变是否能达到有效率的结果? --

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